Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34536324›Full record

ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2022

Proposed domains for assessing postpartum recovery: a concept elicitation study.

P Sultan, S E Jensen, J Taylor, Y El-Sayed, S Carmichael, D Cella, M S Angst, B Gaudilliere, D J Lyell, B Carvalho

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Proposed domains of postpartum sleep: a concept elicitation study using qualitative interviews.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025
    Article
  9. Observational
  10. Article
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  13. Article
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  15. Development and Validation of a Turkish Version of Obstetric Quality of Recovery-10.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

P SultanDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative Pain, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7770-0289
S E JensenNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
J TaylorDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative Pain, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Y El-SayedDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
S CarmichaelPediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
D CellaNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
M S AngstDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative Pain, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
B GaudilliereDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative Pain, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
D J LyellDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
B CarvalhoDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative Pain, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Funding

Harnessing the human monocyte system to improve surgical recoveryR35GM137936 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GAUDILLIERE, BRICE · 2020 to 2024
$2.0M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM137936
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo propose postpartum recovery domains.

designConcept elicitation study.

settingSemi-structured interviews. POPULATION: Ten writing committee members and 50 stakeholder interviews (23 postpartum women, nine general obstetricians, five maternal and fetal medicine specialists, eight nurses and five obstetric anaesthetists).

methodsAlternating interviews and focus group meetings until concept saturation was achieved (no new themes discussed in three consecutive interviews). Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed, and an iterative coding process was used to identify domains.

main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was to identify recovery domains. We also report key symptoms and concerns. Discussion frequency and importance scores (0-100; 0 = not important; 100 = vitally important to recovery) were used to rank domains. Discussion frequency was used to rank factors helping and hindering recovery, and to determine the greatest challenges experienced postpartum.

resultsThirty-four interviews and two focus group meetings were performed. The 13 postpartum recovery domains identified, (ranked highest to lowest) were: psychosocial distress, surgical/medical factors, infant feeding and breast health, psychosocial support, pain, physical function, sleep, motherhood experience, infant health, fatigue, appearance, sexual function and cognition. The most frequently discussed factors facilitating postpartum recovery were: family support, lactation/breastfeeding support and partner support. The most frequently discussed factor hindering recovery was inadequate social support. The most frequent challenges reported were: breastfeeding (week 1), breastfeeding (week 3) and sleep (week 6).

conclusionsWe propose 13 domains that comprehensively describe recovery in women delivering in a single centre within the USA. This provides a novel framework to study the postpartum recovery process. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: We propose 13 postpartum recovery domains that provide a framework to study the recovery process following childbirth.

Indexed as

Delivery, ObstetricHealth PersonnelPostpartum PeriodPrenatal CareAdultFemaleFocus GroupsHumansInterviews as TopicPregnancyRecovery of FunctionUnited StatesCaesarean sectionchildbirthdimenesionsdomainspostpartumrecoveryvaginal delivery

Identifiers

PMID34536324
PMCPMC9090309

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.