ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2022
Incidence and risk factors of female urinary incontinence: a 4-year longitudinal study among 24 985 adult women in China.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Quality of Life in Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Does electroacupuncture benefit mixed urinary incontinence? A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2022Pooled it
- A clinical trial on pelvic floor sensory testing in women with and without stress urinary incontinence.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2024Trial
- Rumba Dance Combined with Breathing Training as an Exercise Intervention in the Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Hydrogel-Based Therapies for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: From Bulking Agents to Regenerative Platforms-A Narrative Review.Current urology reports · 2026Review
- Potential factors influencing quality of life in Chinese adult women with urinary incontinence: a nationwide cross-sectional study.World journal of urology · 2026Article
- Metformin enhances external urethral sphincter integrity and restores continence via AMPK activation in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Positive relationship between an aggregate index of systemic inflammation and stress urinary incontinence: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Analysis of the Multifactorial Risks of Postpartum Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immediate effect of acupuncture on pelvic floor muscles function for stress urinary incontinence in women: study protocol for a randomized and sham-controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Short-Term Superiority of Transvaginal COInternational journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Risk factor analysis and predictive model for the alleviation of postpartum stress urinary incontinence: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Logistic regression versus C5.0 decision tree in predicting female stress urinary incontinence risk using clinical and pelvic floor ultrasound data: a model development and validation study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- A multidimensional analysis-based risk prediction model for stress urinary incontinence in middle-aged and elderly women.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Body Mass Index and Depressive Symptoms as Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Nationally Representative Study.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- Beyond the Visible: The Relationship Between Social Appearance Anxiety, Hopelessness, and Depression in Women with Urinary Incontinence.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- Association between cardiometabolic index and postmenopausal stress urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2013 to 2018.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- SIRT1 Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitochondria-Associated Membrane Dysregulation in Stress Urinary Incontinence.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- U‑shaped association between relative fat mass (RFM) and stress urinary incontinence: a cross‑sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Analyzing Online Search Trends for Kidney, Prostate, and Bladder Cancers in China: Infodemiology Study Using Baidu Search Data (2011-2023).JMIR cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the incidence of urinary incontinence (UI), including its subtypes stress UI (SUI), urgency UI (UUI) and mixed UI (MUI), and to examine risk factors for de novo SUI and UUI in Chinese women.
designNationwide longitudinal study.
settingSix geographic regions of China.
participantsWomen aged ≥20 years old were included using a multistage, stratified, cluster sampling method.
methodsThis study was conducted between May 2014 and March 2016, with follow up in 2018. Data on demographics, medical history, lifestyle and physiological and anthropometric information were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Incidence, rate ratio (RR).
resultsAnalyses included 24 985 women (mean age 41.9 years).The follow-up response rate was 55.5%, median follow-up time was 3.7 years. The standardised incidences of UI, SUI, UUI and MUI were 21.2, 13.1, 3.0 and 5.1 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Risk factors for de novo SUI included delivery pattern (vaginal spontaneous delivery RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.62-2.78 and instrumental delivery RR 3.30, 95% CI 1.99-5.45), high body mass index (BMI) (overweight RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.33-1.74 and obesity RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.32-2.11), cigarette smoking (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.12-2.12), chronic cough (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.17-1.76), diabetes (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10-1.60) and older age (50-59 years RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16-1.90 and 60-69 years RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22-2.13).The risk factors significantly associated with de novo UUI were age (RR increased from 1.21, 95% CI 0.74-1.99, at 30-39 years to 6.3, 95% CI 3.85-10.30, at >70 years) and diabetes (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05-2.09).
conclusionsThe incidence of female UI is 21.2 per 1000 person-years in China. Delivery (vaginal spontaneous delivery, instrumental delivery), high BMI, cigarette smoking, chronic cough, diabetes and older age were risk factors. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: The incidence of female urinary incontinence was 21.2 per 1000 person-years in China. Delivery, BMI, diabetes and old age are risk factors.
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