ArticleScientific reports2021
A longitudinal cohort study of adolescent elite footballers and controls investigating the development of cam morphology.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Unique Features of Pediatric Sports Injuries: The Hip.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Asymmetric bony hip morphology in asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers: a cross-sectional cohort study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Cam morphology and the development of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and hip osteoarthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Finite element analysis of the proximal femoral growth plate biomechanics: insights into cam deformity risk of adolescent athletes.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Associated Factors of Primary Cam Morphology in 4477 Early Adolescents: A Multiethnic, Population-Based, Cross-sectional Study (Generation R).Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- The Impact of Overtraining on Injury Rates in School-Age Athletes-A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Asymptomatic female softball pitchers have altered hip morphology and cartilage composition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pediatric Hip Arthroscopy: a Review of Indications and Treatment Outcomes.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2023Review
- Infographic. Oxford consensus on primary cam morphology and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome-natural history of primary cam morphology to inform clinical practice and research priorities on conditions affecting the young person's hip.British journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Oxford consensus on primary cam morphology and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: part 2-research priorities on conditions affecting the young person's hip.British journal of sports medicine · 2022Article
- Automated volumetric and statistical shape assessment of cam-type morphology of the femoral head-neck region from clinical 3D magnetic resonance images.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2022Article
- Effect of External Mechanical Stimuli on Human Bone: a narrative review.Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cam morphology describes an asphericity of the femoral head that develops during adolescence, is highly prevalent in athletes, and predisposes individuals to future osteoarthritis. However, it's aetiology remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to perform 3-year longitudinal follow-up of a control population and football club academy cohort to compare the change in hip and growth plate anatomy between athletes and controls. MRI and questionnaires were used to characterise change in hip and growth plate anatomy and quantify activity levels. 121 male academy footballers and 107 male and female controls participated at baseline. Footballers experienced significantly greater increases in femoral head asphericity (4.83 degrees (95% CI: 2.84 to 6.82), p < 0.001) than controls. A positive correlation existed between activity levels and change in femoral head morphology (coefficient 0.79, p ≤ 0.001). Greatest morphological change occurred in individuals aged 11-12 years at baseline, with no significant change in individuals aged 14 years and older at baseline. Cam morphology development was secondary to soft tissue hypertrophy and lateral growth plate extension. In conclusion, excessive loading of the hip joint through exercise prior to 14 years of age may result in growth plate adaptations causing cam morphology. Potential interventions may include training type and load modification in young adolescent football players.
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