Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34535549›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

The evolution of social parasitism in

Marek L Borowiec, Stefan P Cover, Christian Rabeling

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Multiple Origins of a Sex Ratio Supergene in Formica Ants.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Genome assembly of the temporary socially parasitic spiny ant Polyrhachis lamellidens and its host Camponotus japonicus.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2025
    Article
  11. Ant's Nest as a microenvironment: DistinctEcology and evolution · 2024
    Article
  12. Broad host use and frequent polyandry in the facultative dulotic speciesAnnals of the Entomological Society of America · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Evidence of phylosymbiosis inFrontiers in microbiology · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Marek L BorowiecSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; mborowiec@uidaho.edu Christian.Rabeling@asu.edu.
Stefan P CoverMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Christian RabelingSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; mborowiec@uidaho.edu Christian.Rabeling@asu.edu.
Arizona State University · USHarvard University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Studying the behavioral and life history transitions from a cooperative, eusocial life history to exploitative social parasitism allows for deciphering the conditions under which changes in behavior and social organization lead to diversification. The Holarctic ant genus

Indexed as

Social BehaviorAggressionAnimalsAntsBehavior, AnimalBiological EvolutionCooperative BehaviorDNA, MitochondrialHost-Parasite InteractionsParasitesPhylogenySpecies SpecificitySymbiosisDNA, Mitochondrialbrood parasitismdulosisEmery’s ruleFormicidaeinquilinism

Identifiers

PMID34535549
PMCPMC8463886
OpenAlexW3199280910

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.