Trial reportBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and antibody response in lactating women: a prospective cohort study.
Trial report in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies in Human Breast Milk and Their Neutralizing Capacity after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes.Viruses · 2022Pooled it
- The Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination on Lactating Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of Adverse Events and Vaccine Related Antibodies in Mother-Infant Dyads.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- BM study: a monocentric prospective observational cohort study on neonatal humoral immunity against COVID-19 secondary to transplacental antibody transfer and breastfeeding.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Review
- Challenges of breastfeeding during COVID-19 and baby friendly protocols adopted at a maternity health center in the northern Emirates of UAE: a comprehensive review.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Review
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Reproductive Health: a Comprehensive Review for Healthcare Providers.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Estimating COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in pregnant and lactating women: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Article
- Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines in Pregnant and Lactating Mexican Women and Breastfed Infants: A Survey-Based Study.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Anti-Spike Antibodies Present in the Milk of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers Are Complement-Activating.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Development of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies in serum and milk with different SARS-COV-2 vaccines in lactating women.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Maternal transfer of IgA and IgG SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies transplacentally and via breast milk feeding.PloS one · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Vaccines during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Serum and breastmilk SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies following BNT162b2 vaccine: prolonged protection from SARS-CoV-2 in newborns and older children.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Humoral response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in breastfeeding mothers and mother-to-infant antibody transfer through breast milk.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- The Benefits of Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 during Pregnancy in Favor of the Mother/Newborn Dyad.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunological protection via breastfeeding is well known. The immunological profile of human milk changes during lactation. No clinical trials have been conducted in lactating women with the newest mRNA vaccines against SARS- CoV-2. A Few studies have shown the presence of antibodies in breastmilk after vaccination. The aim of this work is to study possible antibodies transfer via breastmilk and also the immunological characteristics of lactating women compared to non-lactating women, after using the BNT162b2 Pfizer vaccine.
methodsThis is a prospective cohort study with a convenience homogenous sample of 24 healthcare workers (14 lactating and 10 non-lactating women) enrolled at the time of COVID-19 vaccination. Clinical data was registered in a questionnaire. Titers of SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG, IgA and IgM were quantified in post vaccination blood and human milk. Antibody quantification was performed by an in-house ELISA to SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein.
resultsAll women showed immunity after vaccination with positive antibodies for IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies. The dominant serum antibody response was IgG. Modest levels of antibodies in breastmilk of lactating mothers were observed in this study, especially IgG in 42.9%. There was a moderate association between higher titers of IgG and a longer duration of breastfeeding (R= 0.55, p=0.041).
conclusionsEvidence of antibody transfer in human milk after COVID-19 vaccination is scarce. The presence of antibodies in human milk is reported, but immunization through breastfeeding is still to be established.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.