ArticlePloS one2021
Racial disparities in the SOFA score among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of SOFA-2 Score Performance Across Demographic Subgroups: An External Validation Study Using MIMIC-IV.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Differences in COVID-19 Fatality Rates among Ethnic Groups, Hawaii, USA, 2020-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Learning from COVID-19 triage schemes to face the next public health emergency.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Clinical factors associated with racial differences in the prevalence of occult hypoxemia: a retrospective case-control study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Nursing workload and severity of COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2024Article
- SOFA score performs worse than age for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19.PloS one · 2024Article
- Simulation of New York City's Ventilator Allocation Guideline During the Spring 2020 COVID-19 Surge.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Triage Procedures for Critical Care Resource Allocation During Scarcity.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support in pediatrics.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- Variation in Time Between Testing Positive for COVID-19 and Hospital Admission by Race/Ethnicity and Insurance Status.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2023Article
- Preparing for the Worst-Case Scenario in a Pandemic: Intensivists Simulate Prioritization and Triage of Scarce ICU Resources.Critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Association between Mortality and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score during a Short Stay in the Intensive Care Unit after Non-Cardiac Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Development and Internal Validation of a New Prognostic Model Powered to Predict 28-Day All-Cause Mortality in ICU COVID-19 Patients-The COVID-SOFA Score.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score predicts probability of in-hospital mortality. Many crisis standards of care suggest the use of SOFA scores to allocate medical resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH QUESTION: Are SOFA scores elevated among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients hospitalized with COVID-19, compared to Non-Hispanic White patients? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsRetrospective cohort study conducted in Yale New Haven Health System, including 5 hospitals with total of 2681 beds. Study population drawn from consecutive patients aged ≥18 admitted with COVID-19 from March 29th to August 1st, 2020. Patients excluded from the analysis if not their first admission with COVID-19, if they did not have SOFA score recorded within 24 hours of admission, if race and ethnicity data were not Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic White, or Hispanic, or if they had other missing data. The primary outcome was SOFA score, with peak score within 24 hours of admission dichotomized as <6 or ≥6.
resultsOf 2982 patients admitted with COVID-19, 2320 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed, of whom 1058 (45.6%) were Non-Hispanic White, 645 (27.8%) were Hispanic, and 617 (26.6%) were Non-Hispanic Black. Median age was 65.0 and 1226 (52.8%) were female. In univariate logistic screen and in full multivariate model, Non-Hispanic Black patients but not Hispanic patients had greater odds of an elevated SOFA score ≥6 when compared to Non-Hispanic White patients (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.11-1.99).
interpretationGiven current unequal patterns in social determinants of health, US crisis standards of care utilizing the SOFA score to allocate medical resources would be more likely to deny these resources to Non-Hispanic Black patients.
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