SynthesisJournal of reproductive immunology2021
COVID-19 and miscarriage: From immunopathological mechanisms to actual clinical evidence.
Synthesis in Journal of reproductive immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk and prevalence of pregnancy loss.Human reproduction update · 2024Pooled it
- Temporal and socioeconomic trends in hospital admissions for miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy in England, 2004-2024: a nationwide study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- The association between pregnancy outcomes of frozen thawed embryo transfers and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 infection history as a risk factor for early pregnancy loss: results from the electronic health record-based Southeast Texas COVID and Pregnancy Cohort Study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection in IVF-conceived early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a matched retrospective cohort study.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
- Association between COVID-19 Infection and Miscarriages, What We Really Know?Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Obstetrical and gynecologic implications of COVID-19: what have we learned over the first two years of the pandemic.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Review
- Coronavirus Disease-2019 in Pregnancy.Clinics in chest medicine · 2023Review
- The influence of COVID-19 infection-associated immune response on the female reproductive system†.Biology of reproduction · 2023Article
- Panoramic snapshot of serum soluble mediator interplay in pregnant women with convalescent COVID-19: an exploratory study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Observational
- TCM "medicine and food homology" in the management of post-COVID disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Comprehensive molecular expression profiling of SARS-CoV-associated factors in the endometrium across the menstrual cycle and elevated susceptibility in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Knowledge about the Vaccine and the Effect of the Virus. Reliability and Results of the MAMA-19 Questionnaire.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- COVID-19 during pregnancy and risk of pregnancy loss (miscarriage or stillbirth): a systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2022Article
- The Inflammatory Cytokine Imbalance for Miscarriage, Pregnancy Loss and COVID-19 Pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Do SARS-CoV-2-Infected Pregnant Women Have Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes as Compared to Non-Infected Pregnant Women?International journal of women's health · 2022Article
- Pregnancy outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester: A large, population-based cohort study.PloS one · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Pregnancy.Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the first half of pregnancy and pregnancy loss is still unknown. Infections by other coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), appear to increase the risk of miscarriage. The purpose of this study is to assess whether SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of miscarriage. Firstly, a narrative review of the literature on animal and human studies was performed to analyze the immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection during preconception and early pregnancy, by which it may increase the risk of miscarriage. Secondly, a systematic review/meta-analysis of studies was conducted to assess the prevalence of miscarriage in COVID-19 patients diagnosed during pregnancy. Meta-analysis of proportions was used to combine data, and pooled proportions were reported. Seventeen case series and observational studies and 10 prevalence meta-analyses were selected for the review. The estimate of the overall miscarriage rate in pregnant women with COVID-19 was 15.3 % (95 % CI 10.94-20.59) and 23.1 (95 % CI 13.17-34.95) using fixed and random effect models, respectively. Based on the data in the current literature, the miscarriage rate (<22 weeks gestation) in women with SARS-CoV-2 infection is in the range of normal population. Well-designed studies are urgently needed to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of miscarriage during periconception and early pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.