ArticleBiomaterials2021
Expanding the toolbox of exosome-based modulators of cell functions.
Article in Biomaterials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improving stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for better tendon and tendon-to-bone junction regeneration: strategies and future directions.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Impact of Isolation Techniques on the Content of Small Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles as bioactive materials: Integrating engineering strategies for cargo loading and targeted delivery systems.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Preclinical assessment of genetically modified exosomes for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Precision Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles as Programmable Carriers for mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- A versatile platform for chemical engineering of exosomes empowered by ADP-ribosyl cyclases.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Delivery of Antioxidant Enzymes: Emerging Insights and Translational Opportunities.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeting prostate cancer with site-specific antibody-drug conjugates enabled by tandemly fused ADP-ribosyl cyclases.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- Extracellular particles: emerging insights into central nervous system diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Genetically reprogrammed exosomes for immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Integrating oxygen-boosted sonodynamic therapy and ferroptosisTheranostics · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles as vital players in drug delivery: a focus on clinical disease treatment.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Exploring the clinical transition of engineered exosomes designed for intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins.Stem cells translational medicine · 2024Review
- A quick and innovative pipeline for producing chondrocyte-homing peptide-modified extracellular vesicles by three-dimensional dynamic culture of hADSCs spheroids to modulate the fate of remaining ear chondrocytes in the M1 macrophage-infiltrated microenvironment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Engineering Strategies of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Unlocking the potential of exosomes: a breakthrough in the theranosis of degenerative orthopaedic diseases.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles and play important roles in mediating intercellular communications. Due to their unique advantages in transporting a variety of biomolecules, exosomes have been emerging as a new class of nanocarriers with great potential for therapeutic applications. Despite advancements in loading chemotherapeutics and interfering RNAs into exosomes, active incorporation of protein molecules into exosomes remains challenging owing to their distinctive physicochemical properties and/or a lack of knowledge of cargo sorting during exosome biogenesis. Here we report the generation of a novel type of engineered exosomes with actively incorporated membrane proteins or soluble protein cargos, named genetically infused functionally tailored exosomes (GIFTed-Exos). Through genetic fusion with exosome-associated tetraspanin CD9, transmembrane protein CD70 and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related ligand (GITRL) could be displayed on exosome surface, resulting in GIFTed-Exos with excellent T-cell co-stimulatory activities. By genetically linking to a CD9-photocleavable protein fusion, fluorescent protein mCherry, apoptosis-inducing protein apoptin, and antioxidant enzyme catalase could be effectively packed into exosomes for light-controlled release. The generated GIFTed-Exos display notable in vitro and in vivo activities for delivering distinct types of protein cargos to target cells. As a possibly general approach, GIFTed-Exos provide new opportunities to create exosomes with new functions and properties for biomedical research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.