ReviewLancet (London, England)2021
Considerations in boosting COVID-19 vaccine immune responses.
Abstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in Lancet (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 187 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
187citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
187 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guideline
- The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness identified from 290 cross-country observational studies until February 2022: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Heterologous Booster Doses with Homologous Booster Doses for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Heterologous RBMRNA-405 mRNA booster enhances humoral immunity post-inactivated COVID-19 vaccination: a randomized clinical trial in adults and older through 12 months.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Six-month follow-up of a booster dose of CoronaVac in two single-centre phase 2 clinical trials.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of a third dose of CoronaVac, and immune persistence of a two-dose schedule, in healthy adults: interim results from two single-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trials.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Global disparities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage associated with trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 adaptation.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Longevity and Magnitude of Antibody Responses After Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations in Bangladesh.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- The genetic basis of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in the Italian municipality of Vo'.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Mortality in the Omicron Period: Evidence from Linked Mortality and Vaccination Records.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Serum SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies and Neutralization Capacity Following Vaccination.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Still Makes Sense: Insights on Pneumonia Risk and Hospitalization from a Large-Scale Study at an Academic Tertiary Center in Italy.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern.Vaccines · 2025Review
- EXPERTISE, DISAGREEMENT, and TRUST IN VACCINE SCIENCE AND POLICY. The importance of transparency in a world of experts.Diametros : a journal of philosophy · 2025Article
- The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Cost-effective suspension adaptation of BHK-21 cells for scalable FMD vaccine production in resource-limited settings.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Vaccination for solid organ transplanted patients: Recommendations, efficacy, and safety.World journal of transplantation · 2024Review
127 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Philip R KrauseOffice of Vaccines Research and Review, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA. Electronic address: philip.krause@fda.hhs.gov.
Thomas R FlemingDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Richard PetoNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Ira M LonginiDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
J Peter FigueroaUniversity of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
Jonathan A C SternePopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Alejandro CraviotoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, DF, Mexico.
Helen ReesWits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Julian P T HigginsPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Isabelle BoutronCentre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Paris, France.
Hongchao PanMRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Marion F GruberOffice of Vaccines Research and Review, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Narendra AroraThe INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India.
Fatema KaziWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Rogerio GasparWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Soumya SwaminathanWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Michael J RyanWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ana-Maria Henao-RestrepoWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: henaorestropa@who.int.
Funding
STATISTICAL ISSUES IN AIDS RESEARCHR37AI029168 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI JAMES P HUGHES · 1999 to 2026
$9.8MSTATISTICAL ISSUES IN AIDS RESEARCHR01AI029168 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI HUGHES, JAMES P · 1989 to 2018
$5.3MDesign and Analysis of Vaccine Trials for Emerging Infectious Disease ThreatsR01AI139761 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI DEAN, NATALIE EXNER · 2018 to 2022
$3.6MMathematical and Statistical Methods for the Control of Global Infectious Disease ThreatsR56AI148284 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI HALLORAN, M ELIZABETH, LONGINI, IRA M · 2020 to 2020
$802kNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI029168NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI139761NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI029168NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI148284World Health Organization 001
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
Indexed as
COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesEvidence-Based MedicineHumansImmunityImmunization, SecondaryImmunogenicity, VaccineObservational Studies as TopicPandemicsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSARS-CoV-2Treatment OutcomeCOVID-19 Vaccines
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.