SynthesisThe Lancet. Global health2021
Association of enteropathogen detection with diarrhoea by age and high versus low child mortality settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The Lancet. Global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anthropometric and neurocognitive consequences of Campylobacter, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and norovirus: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Waterborne diseases and climate change.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Updated Estimates of the Global, Regional and National Burden, and Etiology of Diarrheal Diseases Transmissible via Food: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytical Modelling Study for the World Health Organization.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Microbiota and metabolome dynamics induced by Shiga toxin-producingMicrobial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal analysis of the enteric virome in paediatric subjects from the Free State Province, South Africa, reveals early gut colonisation and temporal dynamics.Virus research · 2024Article
- The 2022 Vaccines Against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VASE) Conference: Summary of breakout workshops.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Why are so many enteric pathogen infections asymptomatic? Pathogen and gut microbiome characteristics associated with diarrhea symptoms and carriage of diarrheagenicGut microbes · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Norovirus Infections Among Diarrhea Patients Admitted to Tertiary Care Hospitals in Bangladesh.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Sapovirus Infections in an Australian Community-Based Healthy Birth Cohort During the First 2 Years of Life.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Review
- Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and impact on child health in Cap-Haitien, Haiti.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Drinking water chlorination has minor effects on the intestinal flora and resistomes of Bangladeshi children.Nature microbiology · 2022Article
- Evaluations of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions should not use diarrhoea as (primary) outcome.BMJ global health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe odds ratio (OR) comparing pathogen presence in diarrhoeal cases versus asymptomatic controls is a measure for diarrhoeal disease cause that has been integrated into burden of disease estimates across diverse populations. This study aimed to estimate the OR describing the association between pathogen detection in stool and diarrhoea for 15 common enteropathogens by age group and child mortality setting.
methodsWe did a systematic review to identify case-control and cohort studies published from Jan 1, 1990, to July 9, 2019, which examined at least one enteropathogen of interest and the outcome diarrhoea. The analytical dataset included data extracted from published articles and supplemented with data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study and the Malnutrition and Enteric Disease study. Random effects meta-analysis models were fit for each enteropathogen, stratified by age group and child mortality level, and adjusted for pathogen detection method and study design to produce summary ORs describing the association between pathogen detection in stool and diarrhoea.
findings1964 records were screened and 130 studies (over 88 079 cases or diarrhoea samples and 135 755 controls or non-diarrhoea samples) were available for analysis. Heterogeneity (I
interpretationIncorporating effect estimates from diverse data sources into diarrhoeal disease cause and burden of disease models is needed to produce more representative estimates.
fundingWHO, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and National Institutes of Health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.