Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34534456›Full record

ArticleNeuron2021

A precise and adaptive neural mechanism for predictive temporal processing in the frontal cortex.

Nicolas Meirhaeghe, Hansem Sohn, Mehrdad Jazayeri

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Context rescales a social action code in a hormone-sensitive network.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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  20. Temporal Information Processing in the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Nicolas MeirhaegheHarvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Hansem SohnMcGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Mehrdad JazayeriMcGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: mjaz@mit.edu.
Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology · USInstitute of Cognitive and Brain Sciences · USMcGovern Institute for Brain Research · US

Funding

Sensorimotor Learning Through Adjustments of Cortical DynamicsR01NS119519 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI JAZAYERI, MEHRDAD · 2021 to 2024
$1.5M
CRCNS: US-French Research Proposal: Principles of Inference through Neural Dynamics R01MH122025 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI JAZAYERI, MEHRDAD · 2019 to 2023
$1.2M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH122025NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS119519
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The theory of predictive processing posits that the brain computes expectations to process information predictively. Empirical evidence in support of this theory, however, is scarce and largely limited to sensory areas. Here, we report a precise and adaptive mechanism in the frontal cortex of non-human primates consistent with predictive processing of temporal events. We found that the speed of neural dynamics is precisely adjusted according to the average time of an expected stimulus. This speed adjustment, in turn, enables neurons to encode stimuli in terms of deviations from expectation. This lawful relationship was evident across multiple experiments and held true during learning: when temporal statistics underwent covert changes, neural responses underwent predictable changes that reflected the new mean. Together, these results highlight a precise mathematical relationship between temporal statistics in the environment and neural activity in the frontal cortex that may serve as a mechanism for predictive temporal processing.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAnimalsForecastingFrontal LobeMacaca mulattaMaleNeuronsPhotic StimulationTime Perceptiondorsomedial frontal cortexneural population dynamicspredictive codingsensorimotor adaptationtemporal scalingtime interval reproduction

Identifiers

PMID34534456
PMCPMC9737059
OpenAlexW3199934858

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.