Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34534078›Full record

ArticleIEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control2022

Design and Characterization of an Ultrasound Transducer for Combined Histotripsy-Thrombolytic Therapy.

Adam D Maxwell, Kevin J Haworth, Christy K Holland, Samuel A Hendley, Wayne Kreider, Kenneth B Bader

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Passive cavitation imaging with pMedical physics · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Enhancing Passive Cavitation Imaging Using pIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. xDDx: A Numerical Toolbox for Ultrasound Transducer Characterization and Design With Acoustic Holography.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2025
    Article
  8. Overview of Therapeutic Ultrasound Applications and Safety Considerations: 2024 Update.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2025
    Review
  9. A 9-Fr Endovascular Therapy Transducer With an Acoustic Metamaterial Lens for Rapid Stroke Thrombectomy.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Contrast-Enhanced Imaging of Histotripsy Bubble Clouds Using Chirp-Coded Excitation and Volterra Filtering.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2023
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Frontiers in physiology · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Adam D Maxwell
Kevin J Haworth
Christy K Holland
Samuel A Hendley
Wayne Kreider
Kenneth B Bader
University of Chicago · USUniversity of Cincinnati · USUniversity of Washington · USUniversity of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory · US

Funding

Treatment of chronic venous thrombosis with histotripsy and thrombolyticsR01HL133334 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI Kenneth B. Bader · 2018 to 2026
$5.7M
Strategies in therapeutic ultrasound for predicting in situ fields and quantifying the impact of tissue inhomogeneitiesR01EB025187 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI SAPOZHNIKOV, OLEG · 2018 to 2021
$2.1M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL133334NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB025187
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic thrombi of the deep veins of the leg are resistant to dissolution or removal by current interventions and can act as thrombogenic sources. Histotripsy, a focused ultrasound therapy, uses the mechanical activity of bubble clouds to liquefy target tissues. In vitro experiments have shown that histotripsy enhances thrombolytic agent recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in a highly retracted clot model resistant to lytic therapy alone. Although these results are promising, further refinement of the acoustic source is necessary for in vivo studies and clinical translation. The source parameters for use in vivo were defined, and a transducer was fabricated for transcutaneous exposure of porcine and human iliofemoral deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) as the target. Based on the design criteria, a 1.5-MHz elliptical source with a 6-cm focal length and a focal gain of 60 was selected. The source was characterized by fiber-optic hydrophone and holography. High-speed photography showed that the cavitation cloud could be confined to dimensions smaller than the specified vessel lumen. The source was also demonstrated in vitro to create confined lesions within clots. The results support that this design offers an appropriate clinical prototype for combined histotripsy-thrombolytic therapy.

Indexed as

Fibrinolytic AgentsHigh-Intensity Focused Ultrasound AblationAnimalsHumansSwineThrombolytic TherapyTissue Plasminogen ActivatorTransducersFibrinolytic AgentsTissue Plasminogen Activator

Identifiers

PMID34534078
PMCPMC8802531
OpenAlexW3199402197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.