Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34533882›Full record

ReviewCancer science2021

Gut-liver axis-mediated mechanism of liver cancer: A special focus on the role of gut microbiota.

Naoko Ohtani, Eiji Hara

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. Microbiology spectrum · 2025
    Article

12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Naoko OhtaniDepartment of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-0797
Eiji HaraResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development · JPThe University of Osaka · JP

Funding

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP21cm0106401Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP21gm1010009Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP21gm5010001Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 19H04002Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund 18-25003Takeda Science Foundation (Visionary Research)Yakult Bio-Science Foundation 2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gut microbiota and the mammalian host share a symbiotic relationship, in which the host provides a suitable ecosystem for the gut bacteria to digest indigestible nutrients and produce useful metabolites. Although gut microbiota primarily reside in and influence the intestine, they also regulate liver function via absorption and subsequent transfer of microbial components and metabolites through the portal vein to the liver. Due to this transfer, the liver may be continuously exposed to gut-derived metabolites and components. For example, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by gut microbiota, through the fermentation of dietary fiber, can suppress inflammation via regulatory T cell induction through SCFA-induced epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, secondary bile acids (BA), such as deoxycholic acid, produced by gut bacteria through the 7α-dehydroxylation of primary BAs, are thought to induce DNA damage and contribute to the remodeling of tumor microenvironments. Other substances that are also thought to influence liver function include lipopolysaccharides (components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria) and lipoteichoic acid (cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria), which are ligands of innate immune receptors, Toll-like receptor-4, and Toll-like receptor-2, respectively, through which inflammatory signaling is elicited. In this review, we focus on the role of gut microbiota in the liver microenvironment, describing the anatomy of the gut-liver axis, the role of gut microbial metabolites, and the relationships that exist between gut microbiota and liver diseases, including liver cancer.

Indexed as

Bile Acids and SaltsCarcinoma, HepatocellularCellular SenescenceCholineDNA DamageEthanolFatty Acids, VolatileGastrointestinal MicrobiomeGram-Positive BacteriaHepatitis, AlcoholicHumansLipopolysaccharidesLiverLiver DiseasesLiver NeoplasmsNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseBile Acids and SaltsCholineEthanolFatty Acids, VolatileLipopolysaccharideslipoteichoic acidTeichoic Acidsgut-liver axisgut microbial metabolitesgut microbiotahepatocellular carcinomasenescence-associated secretory phenotype

Identifiers

PMID34533882
PMCPMC8586687
OpenAlexW3199262512

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.