Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34533393›Full record

ArticleHealth literacy research and practice2021

Health Literacy, Education, and Internal Consistency of Psychological Scales.

Xuewei Chen, Elizabeth Schofield, Heather Orom, Jennifer L Hay, Marc T Kiviniemi, Erika A Waters

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health literacy research and practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xuewei Chen
Elizabeth Schofield
Heather Orom
Jennifer L Hay
Marc T Kiviniemi
Erika A Waters

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMeasurement error might lead to biased estimates, causing ineffective interventions and service delivery. Identifying measurement error of health-related instruments helps develop accurate assessment of health-related constructs.

objectiveWe compared the internal consistency of eight psychological scales used in health research in groups with adequate versus limited health literacy and in groups with higher versus lower education.

methodsParticipants ( KEY

resultsAmong all the 13 subscales, scale internal consistency was significantly lower among people with limited health literacy than those with adequate health literacy for five subscales: information avoidance for colon cancer (0.80 vs. 0.88), unpredictability of diabetes (0.84 vs. 0.88), perceived severity for diabetes (0.66 vs. 0.75), need for cognition (0.63 vs. 0.82), and social desirability (0.52 vs. 0.68). Internal consistency was significantly lower among people who had a high school education or less than among those with more than a high school education for four scales: perceived severity of diabetes (0.70 vs. 0.75), present orientation (0.60 vs. 0.66), need for cognition (0.73 vs. 0.80), and social desirability (0.61 vs. 0.70).

conclusionsSeveral psychological instruments demonstrated significantly lower internal consistency when used in a sample with limited health literacy or education. To advance health disparities research, we need to develop new scales with alternative conceptualizations of the constructs to produce a measure that is reliable among multiple populations.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusHealth LiteracyEducational StatusHumansSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID34533393
PMCPMC8447849

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.