ArticleEndocrine2022
Effect of very low-calorie ketogenic diet in combination with omega-3 on inflammation, satiety hormones, body composition, and metabolic markers. A pilot study in class I obese subjects.
Article in Endocrine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Fasting appetite-related gut hormone responses after weight loss induced by calorie restriction, exercise, or both in people with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of the ketogenic diet on bone health: A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Immune-modulating effects of energy-restricted ketogenic diet in women with overweight and obesity: KETO-MINOX study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Mediterranean Diet versus Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: Effects of Reaching 5% Body Weight Loss on Body Composition in Subjects with Overweight and with Obesity-A Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Dietary bioactive compounds modulating satiety and appetite: mechanisms of action.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- The Ketogenic Diet in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Higher visceral fat area is inversely associated with ketosis in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Advancing Obesity Management: the Very Low-Energy Ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) as an Evolution of the "Traditional" Ketogenic Diet.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Review
- A pseudo-ketogenic sugar-ghee-enriched diet induces metabolic and immune alterations in rats: a model of flawed ketogenic diet practice.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Beneficial Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/MAFLD).Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Keto Menu-Effect of Ketogenic Menu and Intermittent Fasting on the Biochemical Markers and Body Composition in a Physically Active Man-A Controlled Case Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Very low calorie ketogenic diet and common rheumatic disorders: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- The Antioxidant Potential of the Mediterranean Diet as a Predictor of Weight Loss after a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) in Women with Overweight and Obesity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aims to evaluate the effects of a VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation (VLCKD diet only lasted for some weeks, and it was followed by a non-ketogenic LCD for the rest of the study period) on body composition, visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers.
methodsIt has been performed a pilot open label study lasted 90 days, in a cohort of 12 women with class I obesity aged 18 to 65 years. Data on body composition (evaluated by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry-DXA), visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers were recorded.
resultsThis study showed a body weight reduction mean difference over time of -13.7 kg and the waist circumference mean difference decrease of -13.3 cm. Also, the fat mass (FM) decreased-9.1 kg and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-0.41 kg. No effects on fat-free mass (FFM) have been reported. Improvements were observed in the satiety hormones, with increased ghrelin and decreased leptin, and also in the metabolic profiles.
conclusionsA VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation appears to be an effective strategy for promoting an high loss of FM with preservation of FFM in patients with class I obesity.
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