ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
Identification of Immune-Related Subtypes and Characterization of Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration in Bladder Cancer.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic prediction of incidental prostate cancer in radical cystoprostatectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Perspective on the integration of radiomics and spatial omics in the analysis of the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer and prospects for precision diagnosis and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular subtyping and prognostic modeling of colon adenocarcinoma based on programmed cell death features: a multi-omics and machine learning study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Machine learning model reveals the risk, prognosis, and drug response of histamine-related signatures in pancreatic cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Construction and immunohistochemical validation of a necroptosis-related prognostic signature in bladder cancer and its association with tumor immune infiltration.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- GREM1 may be a biological indicator and potential target of bladder cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Exploring the mystery of colon cancer from the perspective of molecular subtypes and treatment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The prognostic values and immune characteristics of polo-like kinases (PLKs) family: A pan-cancer multi-omics analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- JAM3: A prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer via epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- The prognostic significance and immune characteristics of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) family: A pan-cancer multi-omics analysis.Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine · 2024Article
- Integrated multiomics analysis and machine learning refine molecular subtypes and prognosis for muscle-invasive urothelial cancer.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Classification of Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer to Predict Prognosis of Patients Treated with Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Identification of Immune-Related Subtypes and Characterization of Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Immune landscape of distinct subtypes in urothelial carcinoma based on immune gene profile.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The global research of bladder cancer immunotherapy from 2012 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Characterization of the Different Subtypes of Immune Cell Infiltration to Aid Immunotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Construction of an Immune Cell Infiltration Score to Evaluate the Prognosis and Therapeutic Efficacy of Ovarian Cancer Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumors are closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME). The complex interaction between tumor cells and the TME plays an indisputable role in tumor development. Tumor cells can affect the TME, promote tumor angiogenesis and induce immune tolerance by releasing cell signaling molecules. Immune cell infiltration (ICI) in the TME can affect the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. However, the pattern of ICI of the TME in bladder cancer has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we identified three distinct ICI subtypes based on the TME immune infiltration pattern of 584 bladder cancer patients using the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. Then, we identified three gene clusters based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the three ICI subtypes. In addition, the ICI score was determined using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The results suggested that patients in the high ICI score subgroup had a favorable prognosis and higher expression of checkpoint-related and immune activity-related genes. The high ICI score subgroup was also linked to increased tumor mutation burden (TMB) and neoantigen burden. A cohort treated with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy confirmed the therapeutic advantage and clinical benefit of patients with higher ICI scores. In the end, our study also shows that the ICI score represents an effective prognostic predictor for evaluating the response to immunotherapy. In conclusion, our study deepened the understanding of the TME, and it provides new ideas for improving patients' response to immunotherapy and promoting individualized tumor immunotherapy in the future.
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