SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2021
Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Regulating Fetal-Maternal Immune Tolerance in Normal and Pathological Pregnancy.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05473273 (Descriptive Analysis of Serum Immunological Markers During an Euploid Frozen Embryo Transfer in a Natural Cycle), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Descriptive Analysis of Serum Immunological Markers During an Euploid Frozen Embryo Transfer in a Natural Cycle (NC).
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Levels in Preeclamptic Women: a Meta-analysis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Pooled it
- NSUN2-Mediated mAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Health promoting spirulina platensis nanoparticles induce early embryonic loss in heat-stressed rabbit does.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Coding and Noncoding Uterine Small Extracellular Vesicle Content Differs in the Early Stages of Pregnancies Produced by Artificial Insemination and In Vitro Fertilization in Cattle.Molecular reproduction and development · 2026Article
- Maternal opioid use disorder and hepatitis C infection in pregnancy reshape the peripheral immune landscape at term.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Recent Developments in Macrophages Imbalance and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- An evolutionary genomic perspective on preterm birth, genome editing, and pregnancy in the human species.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Review
- Evaluation ofCurrent protein & peptide science · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional examination of immune adaptations during pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Human placentation: foundations and implications for reproductive endocrinology and infertility.Systems biology in reproductive medicine · 2025Review
- The regulation of placental pericyte function through transforming growth factor β-1 signalling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Serum Protein Dynamics in Early Pregnancy Loss Management: Findings from the PreFaiR Trial.Research square · 2025Article
- The Impact of Inflammatory Cytokines on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Preliminary Investigation.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Effect of Exogenous of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 on Pregnancy Outcome in Mice with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Persistent Enhancement of Placental Tissue Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2025Article
- Article
- CD2-targeted nanoparticles encapsulating IL-2 induce tolerogenic Tregs and TGF-β-producing NK cells that stabilize Tregs for long-term therapeutic efficacy in immune-mediated disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CD2 targeted nanoparticles containing IL-2 mimic fetal-maternal tolerance of pregnancy by inducing synergistic TGF-β-producing NK cells and Tregs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- EV-microRNA signatures in pregnant women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss: deciphering microRNAome pathway networks at feto-maternal interface.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is composed of three isoforms, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. TGF-β1 is a cytokine with multiple biological functions that has been studied extensively. It plays an important role in regulating the differentiation of immune cells and maintaining immune cell functions and immune homeostasis. Pregnancy is a carefully regulated process. Controlled invasion of trophoblasts, precise coordination of immune cells and cytokines, and crosstalk between trophoblasts and immune cells play vital roles in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy. In this systematic review, we summarize the role of TGF-β1 in regulating fetal-maternal immune tolerance in healthy and pathological pregnancies. During healthy pregnancy, TGF-β1 induces the production of regulatory T cells (Tregs), maintains the immunosuppressive function of Tregs, mediates the balance of M1/M2 macrophages, and regulates the function of NK cells, thus participating in maintaining fetal-maternal immune tolerance. In addition, some studies have shown that TGF-β1 is dysregulated in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion or preeclampsia. TGF-β1 may play a role in the occurrence and development of these diseases and may be a potential target for the treatment of these diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.