ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Soluble B7-CD28 Family Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Proteins and Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Efficacy of Pembrolizumab Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- miRNAs Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Soluble Immune Checkpoints and Anti-HLA Antibodies in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Associations With Kidney Function.Immunology · 2026Article
- Single-patient single-cell RNA sequencing reveals neuroendocrine predominance and immunosuppression in small-cell lung cancer.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Anti-cancer immune priming with β-radioligand therapy using a novel high affinity antibody selectively targeting the 4Ig-Isoform of B7-H3.Theranostics · 2026Article
- B7-H4: a multifaceted immune checkpoint and oncoprotein in cancer biology and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A dual compartment peripheral blood signature of soluble and membrane-bound immune checkpoints predicts outcome in lymphoma patients.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 promotes alternative splicing of AXIN2 by facilitating SRSFs phase separation to induce drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Age-stratified circulating immune signatures reveal non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Dysregulation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Study of sCTLA-4 and sPD-L1 as Biomarkers of Symptomatic Vasospasm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Natural Products in Cancer Organoid-Immune Co-Cultures: Bridging the Research Gap for Precision Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Unmasking the Rare but Lethal Cardiac Complications of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Review of Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Serum soluble Tim‑3 is elevated in patients with cervical cancer and is higher in advanced clinical stages.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Multispecific Antibodies Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in Cancer.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Plasma proteomic biomarkers predict therapeutic responses in advanced biliary tract cancer patients receiving Camrelizumab plus the GEMOX treatment.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Epigenetic regulators combined with tumour immunotherapy: current status and perspectives.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Dual role of interferon-gamma in the response of melanoma patients to immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Structural insights into antibody-based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.Genomics & informatics · 2025Review
- Based on Soluble Immune Checkpoints Constructing a Random Survival Forest Model to Predict the Prognosis of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Co-inhibitory B7-CD28 family member proteins negatively regulate T cell responses and are extensively involved in tumor immune evasion. Blockade of classical CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4) and PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) checkpoint pathways have become the cornerstone of anti-cancer immunotherapy. New inhibitory checkpoint proteins such as B7-H3, B7-H4, and BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) are being discovered and investigated for their potential in anti-cancer immunotherapy. In addition, soluble forms of these molecules also exist in sera of healthy individuals and elevated levels are found in chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Soluble forms are generated by proteolytic shedding or alternative splicing. Elevated circulating levels of these inhibitory soluble checkpoint molecules in cancer have been correlated with advance stage, metastatic status, and prognosis which underscore their broader involvement in immune regulation. In addition to their potential as biomarker, understanding their mechanism of production, biological activity, and pathological interactions may also pave the way for their clinical use as a therapeutic target. Here we review these aspects of soluble checkpoint molecules and elucidate on their potential for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.