ArticleEducational psychology review2021
A Commentary on Bowers (2020) and the Role of Phonics Instruction in Reading.
Article in Educational psychology review, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dispelling Myths and Misunderstandings About Defining and Remediating Dyslexia.Dyslexia (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- Reducing Reading Anxiety and Enhancing Reading Attitudes Through Interactive Read-Aloud: An Action Research Study with Second-Grade Students.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pervasive Motor and Balance Difficulties in University Students With Dyslexia.Dyslexia (Chichester, England) · 2025Article
- Literacy in school-aged children: A paediatric approach to advocacy and assessment.Paediatrics & child health · 2024Review
- Understanding the relation between reading and anxiety among upper elementary students with reading difficulties.Annals of dyslexia · 2024Article
- Teaching with social context in instructional video facilitates second language vocabulary learning.Heliyon · 2023Article
- The Relative Effects of Instruction Linking Word Reading and Word Meaning Compared to Word Reading Instruction Alone on the Accuracy, Fluency, and Word Meaning Knowledge of 4th-5th Grade Students With Dyslexia.Scientific studies of reading : the official journal of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bowers (2020) reviewed 12 meta-analytic syntheses addressing the effects of phonics instruction, concluding that the evidence is weak to nonexistent in supporting the superiority of systematic phonics to alternative reading methods. We identify five issues that limit Bowers' conclusions: 1.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.