ArticleNature immunology2021
Environmental allergens trigger type 2 inflammation through ripoptosome activation.
Article in Nature immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Allergic Sensitization to Inhalant Allergens in the Upper Respiratory Tract-the B Cell Side.Allergy · 2026Review
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Mechanisms of Disease and Approach to Treatment.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Immune functions of the esophagus.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Microbial sensing through the non-canonical inflammasome modulates airway type 2 immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Emerging Insights into the Inflammatory Phenotypes of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Interleukin-33 at the intersection of inflammation and repair.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- New-onset allergic diseases after SARS-CoV-2 infection: mechanistic hypotheses and emerging strategies for risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Distinct Roles for Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33 in Experimental Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Allergy · 2025Article
- Unlocking IL-33: New Insights into Tumor Immunity.Immune network · 2025Review
- The oesophagus as an immune organ.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- The immunology of asthma.Nature immunology · 2025Review
- The immunology of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Frequent exacerbator-a novel endotype of pediatric asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Innovation through imitation: IL-33 decoys show promise in pulmonary fibrosis.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Epithelial sensing in allergic disease.Current opinion in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Neuroimmune recognition of allergens.Current opinion in immunology · 2024Review
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Are the Differences?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Systemic Immune Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematodes.Annual review of immunology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Environmental allergens, including fungi, insects and mites, trigger type 2 immunity; however, the innate sensing mechanisms and initial signaling events remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that allergens trigger RIPK1-caspase 8 ripoptosome activation in epithelial cells. The active caspase 8 subsequently engages caspases 3 and 7, which directly mediate intracellular maturation and release of IL-33, a pro-atopy, innate immunity, alarmin cytokine. Mature IL-33 maintained functional interaction with the cognate ST2 receptor and elicited potent pro-atopy inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting caspase 8 pharmacologically and deleting murine Il33 and Casp8 each attenuated allergic inflammation in vivo. Clinical data substantiated ripoptosome activation and IL-33 maturation as likely contributors to human allergic inflammation. Our findings reveal an epithelial barrier, allergen-sensing mechanism that converges on the ripoptosome as an intracellular molecular signaling platform, triggering type 2 innate immune responses. These findings have significant implications for understanding and treating human allergic diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.