Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34531439›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Heavy metals immobilization and improvement in maize (Zea mays L.) growth amended with biochar and compost.

Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Mudassir, Muhammad Jamal Khan, Khadim Muhammad Dawar, Dost Muhammad, Ishaq Ahmad Mian, Waqas Ali, Shah Fahad, Shah Saud, Zafar Hayat and 11 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 181 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  8. Integrated Biochar-Compost Amendment forPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 11 institutions in 5 countries.

Muhammad IrfanDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Muhammad MudassirDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Muhammad Jamal KhanDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Khadim Muhammad DawarDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. khadimdawar@yahoo.com.
Dost MuhammadDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Ishaq Ahmad MianDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Waqas AliDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Shah FahadHainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China. shah_fahad80@yahoo.com.
Shah SaudDepartment of Horticulture, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.
Zafar HayatDepartment of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
Taufiq NawazDepartment of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan.
Shah Alam KhanDepartment of Plant Protection, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan.
Sartaj AlamDepartment of Plant Protection, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan.
Beenish AliDepartment of Geology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan.
Jan BanoutFaculty of Trophical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
Sagher AhmedDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Sidra MubeenDepartment of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Punjab, 60000, Pakistan.
Subhan DanishDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. sd96850@gmail.com.
Rahul DattaDepartment of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
Abdallah M ElgorbanDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Raf DewilDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
The University of Agriculture, Peshawar · PKBahauddin Zakariya University · PKAbdul Wali Khan University Mardan · PKBacha Khan University · PKCzech University of Life Sciences Prague · CZHainan University · CNKing Saud University · SAKU Leuven · BEMendel University in Brno · CZNortheast Agricultural University · CNThe Women University Multan · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soil with heavy metals contamination, mainly lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) is a progressively worldwide alarming environmental problem. Recently, biochar has been used as a soil amendment to remediate contaminated soils, but little work has been done to compare with other organic amendments like compost. We investigated biochar and compost's comparative effect on Pb, Cd, and Cr immobilization in soil, photosynthesis, and growth of maize plants. Ten kg soil was placed in pots and were spiked with Pb, Cd, and Cr at concentrations 20, 10, 20 mg kg

Identifiers

PMID34531439
PMCPMC8446096
OpenAlexW3199608462

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.