ArticleNature communications2021
Transformation of tenofovir into stable ProTide nanocrystals with long-acting pharmacokinetic profiles.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-dependent mitochondrial toxicity in renal stem cells: A precise 3D silk matrix model.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- An ultra-long-acting dimeric bictegravir prodrug defined by a short pharmacokinetic tail.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The use of phosphotriesterase in the synthesis of enantiomerically pure ProTide prodrugs.Chemico-biological interactions · 2025Review
- A scalable ultra-long-acting tenofovir phosphonate prodrug sustains HBV suppression.Science advances · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Antiviral Drug Delivery Strategies.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- New insights in nanocrystal technology chemotherapeutic drugs targeting cancer with a translational research paradigm.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Self-aggregating long-acting injectable microcrystals.Nature chemical engineering · 2025Article
- Review
- Intramuscularly injected long-acting testosterone-cholesterol prodrug suspension with three different particle sizes: extended in vitro release and enhanced in vivo safety.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Prospects for Controlling Hepatitis B Globally.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Drug Nanocrystals: A Delivery Channel for Antiviral Therapies.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Review
- Polymer Delivery Systems for Long-Acting Antiretroviral Drugs.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- The Application of Prodrugs as a Tool to Enhance the Properties of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.Viruses · 2023Review
- Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: New Approaches towards Cure.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Prodrug approaches for the development of a long-acting drug delivery systems.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Development of a porous layer-by-layer microsphere with branched aliphatic hydrocarbon porogens.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2023Article
- Antiviral supramolecular polymeric hydrogels by self-assembly of tenofovir-bearing peptide amphiphiles.Biomaterials science · 2023Article
- An ultralong-acting tenofovir ProTide nanoformulation achieves monthslong HBV suppression.Science advances · 2022Article
- Long-Acting Treatments for Hepatitis B.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) approaches: recent advances, emerging technologies, and development challenges.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection was transformed through widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, ART has limitations in requiring life-long daily adherence. Such limitations have led to the creation of long-acting (LA) ART. While nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) remain the ART backbone, to the best of our knowledge, none have been converted into LA agents. To these ends, we transformed tenofovir (TFV) into LA surfactant stabilized aqueous prodrug nanocrystals (referred to as NM1TFV and NM2TFV), enhancing intracellular drug uptake and retention. A single intramuscular injection of NM1TFV, NM2TFV, or a nanoformulated tenofovir alafenamide (NTAF) at 75 mg/kg TFV equivalents to Sprague Dawley rats sustains active TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels ≥ four times the 90% effective dose for two months. NM1TFV, NM2TFV and NTAF elicit TFV-DP levels of 11,276, 1,651, and 397 fmol/g in rectal tissue, respectively. These results are a significant step towards a LA TFV ProTide.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.