ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2022
CT Muscle Density, D3Cr Muscle Mass, and Body Fat Associations With Physical Performance, Mobility Outcomes, and Mortality Risk in Older Men.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between muscle mass and change in physical functioning in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.European geriatric medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Application of the DJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Trial
- Comparing D3-Creatine Dilution and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Muscle Mass Responses to Strength Training in Low-Functioning Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Trial
- Beyond Adiposity: Lean Mass and Bone Mineral Content as Markers of Muscle Weakness and Physical Performance in Older Adults.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Erector spinae muscle characteristics predict 90-day survival in elderly pneumonia patients.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- "Muscle quality": rethinking an imprecise term.European geriatric medicine · 2026Review
- Myosteatosis: an emerging biomarker of aging.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Body roundness index: superior predictors of intramuscular fat infiltration in general population.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Muscle Imaging Assessments in Sarcopenia: A Statement from China National Center for Orthopedics (NCO) and the East Meets West Action Group of the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS).Calcified tissue international · 2025Review
- Associations of CT Muscle Area and Density With Functional Outcomes and Mortality Across Anatomical Regions in Older Men.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Reference Data and Predictors of HR-pQCT-Derived Muscle Density and Its Prediction of Physical Performance.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Interactions between bone density and muscle mass in predicting all-cause mortality: a 10-year prospective cohort study of 1388 older men (aged 77-101 years).Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Impact of Muscle Quality on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Beyond Muscle Mass or Diabetes Status.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Opportunistic muscle density assay during CT lung cancer screening for low muscle quality evaluation in older adults: a multicenter study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Change in D3Cr muscle mass in oldest old men and its association with changes in grip strength and walking speed.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effects of Taekwondo training on thigh muscle cross-sectional area, health-related physical fitness, HbA1c, and GLP-1 in sedentary older women.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Muscle Quality and Physical Function in Men With and Without HIV.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Difference between kidney function by cystatin C versus creatinine and association with muscle mass and frailty.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Thrombospondin-1 promotes fibro-adipogenic stromal expansion and contractile dysfunction of the diaphragm in obesity.JCI insight · 2024Article
- A simplified definition of sarcopenia: muscle mass/body weight.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMuscle mass declines with age, while body adiposity increases. Sarcopenic obesity has been proposed to be particularly deleterious. However, previous methods for estimating muscle mass have been inadequate, and the relative contributions of total body fat versus muscle fat to adverse outcomes have been unclear.
methodIn a large cohort of older men (N = 1 017), we measured muscle mass (D3-creatine dilution), muscle density (high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in the diaphyseal tibia) as a proxy of muscle fat, and total body fat (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). We examined their associations with physical performance (walking speed, grip strength, chair stand time), the risk of mobility outcomes (mobility limitations, mobility disability), and the risk of death over ~5 years.
resultsIn combined models, lower muscle mass and muscle density were independently associated with worse physical performance and the risk of adverse outcomes, while total body fat was minimally related to physical performance and not related to mobility outcomes or mortality. For example, the relative risks for mortality per 1 standardized unit increase in muscle density, muscle mass, and total body fat were 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.74, 0.96), 0.70 (0.57, 0.86), and 0.90 (0.64, 1.25), respectively.
conclusionsMuscle mass and muscle density were associated with physical performance and adverse outcomes, and had independent, additive effects. There was little additional contribution of total body fat.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.