ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2021
Intercrypt sentinel macrophages tune antibacterial NF-κB responses in gut epithelial cells via TNF.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guiqi Baizhu prescription attenuates 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis by targeting IKKβ to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Salmonella SopB suppresses post-transcriptionally regulated cytokine release to reduce early tissue inflammation and delay disease progression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Experimental models for intestinal host-microbe interactions.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation limits colonic inflammation through distinct neuroimmune circuitry shaped by inflammatory history.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Remodeling mechanisms and intervention strategies of the oral mucosal immune barrier.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research Progress on the Relationship Between the Intestinal Barrier and Macrophages.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Identification of gene targets regulated by the IclR-like regulator SL1344_3500 inJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Sublethal systemic LPS in mice enables gut-luminal pathogens to bloom through oxygen species-mediated microbiota inhibition.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Context-dependent change in the fitness effect of (in)organic phosphate antiporter glpT during Salmonella Typhimurium infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mechanisms conferring multi-layered protection against intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium infection.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- The immune interactions of gut glycans and microbiota in health and disease.Molecular microbiology · 2024Review
- IL-1β promotes MPN disease initiation by favoring early clonal expansion of JAK2-mutant hematopoietic stem cells.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- IEC-intrinsic IL-1R signaling holds dual roles in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Intraluminal neutrophils limit epithelium damage by reducing pathogen assault on intestinal epithelial cells during Salmonella gut infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Regulatory effects of oral microbe on intestinal microbiota and the illness.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- KappaBle fluorescent reporter mice enable low-background single-cell detection of NF-κB transcriptional activity in vivo.Mucosal immunology · 2022Article
- ROS-responsive nanoparticles for oral delivery of luteolin and targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis by regulating pathological microenvironment.Materials today. Bio · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) NF-κB signaling regulates the balance between mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. It is not fully understood which signals tune this balance and how bacterial exposure elicits the process. Pure LPS induces epithelial NF-κB activation in vivo. However, we found that in mice, IECs do not respond directly to LPS. Instead, tissue-resident lamina propria intercrypt macrophages sense LPS via TLR4 and rapidly secrete TNF to elicit epithelial NF-κB signaling in their immediate neighborhood. This response pattern is relevant also during oral enteropathogen infection. The macrophage-TNF-IEC axis avoids responses to luminal microbiota LPS but enables crypt- or tissue-scale epithelial NF-κB responses in proportion to the microbial threat. Thereby, intercrypt macrophages fulfill important sentinel functions as first responders to Gram-negative microbes breaching the epithelial barrier. The tunability of this crypt response allows the induction of defense mechanisms at an appropriate scale according to the localization and intensity of microbial triggers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.