ArticlePloS one2021
Modelling and optimal control of multi strain epidemics, with application to COVID-19.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modeling two-strain competition with reinfection: Mathematical analyses and epidemiological implications.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Exploring epidemic control policies using nonlinear programming and mathematical models.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- A compartmental model of variant coexistence, dynamics and dominance in infectious diseases: Case for SARS-CoV-2 in Abu Dhabi.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Sic Transit Gloria Mundi: A Mathematical Theory of Popularity Waves Based on a SIIRR Model of Epidemic Spread.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dynamics of an SVEIR transmission model with protection awareness and two strains.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Optimizing low-carbon strategies in dual-channel supply chains: A quantum game perspective.PloS one · 2025Article
- A stochastic approach for co-evolution process of virus and human immune system.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Vaccine breakthrough and rebound infections modeling: Analysis for the United States and the ten U.S. HHS regions.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2023Article
- Time delay of the appearance of a new strain can affect vaccination behavior and disease dynamics: An evolutionary explanation.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2023Article
- Article
- A multi-strain model with asymptomatic transmission: Application to COVID-19 in the US.Journal of theoretical biology · 2023Article
- The emergence of a virus variant: dynamics of a competition model with cross-immunity time-delay validated by wastewater surveillance data for COVID-19.Journal of mathematical biology · 2023Article
- Global asymptotic stability, extinction and ergodic stationary distribution in a stochastic model for dual variants of SARS-CoV-2.Mathematics and computers in simulation · 2023Article
- Article
- A new approach to modeling pre-symptomatic incidence and transmission time of imported COVID-19 cases evolving with SARS-CoV-2 variants.Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment : research journal · 2023Article
- Exploring a COVID-19 Endemic Scenario: High-Resolution Agent-Based Modeling of Multiple Variants.Advanced theory and simulations · 2023Article
- A deterministic compartmental model for the transition between variants in the spread of Covid-19 in Italy.PloS one · 2023Article
- Testing facility location and dynamic capacity planning for pandemics with demand uncertainty.European journal of operational research · 2023Article
- Agent-Based Simulation for Infectious Disease Modelling over a Period of Multiple Days, with Application to an Airport Scenario.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Optimal COVID-19 epidemic strategy with vaccination control and infection prevention measures in Thailand.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reinfection and multiple viral strains are among the latest challenges in the current COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, epidemic models often consider a single strain and perennial immunity. To bridge this gap, we present a new epidemic model that simultaneously considers multiple viral strains and reinfection due to waning immunity. The model is general, applies to any viral disease and includes an optimal control formulation to seek a trade-off between the societal and economic costs of mitigation. We validate the model, with and without mitigation, in the light of the COVID-19 epidemic in England and in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The model can derive optimal mitigation strategies for any number of viral strains, whilst also evaluating the effect of distinct mitigation costs on the infection levels. The results show that relaxations in the mitigation measures cause a rapid increase in the number of cases, and therefore demand more restrictive measures in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.