ReviewPLoS pathogens2021
Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell death network regulation in HSV infection: immune evasion versus host defense.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Suppression of multiple mouse models of refractory malignancies by reprogramming IL-18 ligand-receptor interaction.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Spatial Analysis of Placentae During Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Reveals Distinct Cellular Profiles in Immune Cells and Trophoblasts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Proteomic profiling of the local and systemic immune response to pediatric respiratory viral infections.mSystems · 2025Article
- Hookworm infection modulates lung and intestinal transcriptomic responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Distinct cell death pathways induced by granzymes collectively protect against intestinal Salmonella infection.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Low-level HIV-1 viremia affects T-cell activation and senescence in long-term treated adults in the INSTI era.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Observational
- Article
- Exploring Natural Killer Cell Testing in Embryo Implantation and Reproductive Failure: An Overview of Techniques and Controversies.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Advances in research on the impact and mechanisms of pathogenic microorganism infections on pyroptosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- The reproduction number and its probability distribution for stochastic viral dynamics.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Serum Perforin and Granzymes in Three Different Clinical Stages of Virus-Induced Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- The immune cell landscape and response of Marek's disease resistant and susceptible chickens infected with Marek's disease virus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Widespread and dynamic expression of granzyme C by skin-resident antiviral T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Hepatitis B surface antigen reduction is associated with hepatitis B core-specific CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Successful Treatment of Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a B-Cell Depleted Patient with Activated Cytotoxic T and NK Cells: A Case Report.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes produce granules armed with a set of 5 serine proteases (granzymes (Gzms)), which, together with the pore-forming protein (perforin), serve as a major defense against viral infections in humans. This granule-exocytosis pathway subsumes a well-established mechanism in which target cell death is induced upon perforin-mediated entry of Gzms and subsequent activation of various (apoptosis) pathways. In the past decade, however, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that Gzms also inhibit viral replication and potential reactivation in cell death-independent manners. For example, Gzms can induce proteolysis of viral or host cell proteins necessary for the viral entry, release, or intracellular trafficking, as well as augment pro-inflammatory antiviral cytokine response. In this review, we summarize current evidence for the noncytotoxic mechanisms and roles by which killer cells can use Gzms to combat viral infections, and we discuss the potential thereof for the development of novel therapies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.