ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2021
Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization - Five Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, United States, February 1-August 6, 2021.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunologic response, Efficacy, and Safety of Vaccines against COVID-19 Infection in Healthy and immunosuppressed Children and Adolescents Aged 2 - 21 years old: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2022Pooled it
- Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- Efficiency and immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticle-mediated cardiac mRNA delivery are lipid composition-dependent.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Association Between COVID-19 Vaccination and Long COVID Symptoms in Hospitalised Survivors: Distinguishing Prevention from Reverse Causality.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Impact of Preexisting Rare Diseases on COVID-19 Severity, Reinfection, and Long COVID, and the Modifying Effects of Vaccination and Antiviral Therapy: A Retrospective Study from the N3C Data Enclave.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Effectiveness over time of a primary series of the original monovalent COVID-19 vaccines in adults in the United States.PloS one · 2025Article
- Harnessing mRNA for heart health: a new era in cardiovascular treatment.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- Immunogenicity and efficacy of XBB.1.5 rS vaccine against the EG.5.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 primary series vaccination in children aged 5-17 years in the United States: a cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Prototype and BA.5 protein nanoparticle vaccines protect against Omicron BA.5 variant in Syrian hamsters.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Vaccines reduced hospital length of stay and fraction of inspired oxygen of COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- VA Big Data Science: A Model for Improved National Pandemic Response Present and Future.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2023Article
- Article
- mRNA vaccination boosts S-specific T cell memory and promotes expansion of CD45RACell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Real-time forecasting of COVID-19 spread according to protective behavior and vaccination: autoregressive integrated moving average models.BMC public health · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike antibody levels and avidity in natural infection or following vaccination with mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) have been shown to be highly protective against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations (1-3). Data are limited on the level of protection against hospitalization among disproportionately affected populations in the United States, particularly during periods in which the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, predominates (2). U.S. veterans are older, more racially diverse, and have higher prevalences of underlying medical conditions than persons in the general U.S. population (2,4). CDC assessed the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among 1,175 U.S. veterans aged ≥18 years hospitalized at five Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) during February 1-August 6, 2021. Among these hospitalized persons, 1,093 (93.0%) were men, the median age was 68 years, 574 (48.9%) were non-Hispanic Black (Black), 475 were non-Hispanic White (White), and 522 (44.4%) had a Charlson comorbidity index score of ≥3 (5). Overall adjusted vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was 86.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 80.4%-91.1%) and was similar before (February 1-June 30) and during (July 1-August 6) SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant predominance (84.1% versus 89.3%, respectively). Vaccine effectiveness was 79.8% (95% CI = 67.7%-87.4%) among adults aged ≥65 years and 95.1% (95% CI = 89.1%-97.8%) among those aged 18-64 years. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are highly effective in preventing COVID-19-associated hospitalization in this older, racially diverse population of predominately male U.S. veterans. Additional evaluations of vaccine effectiveness among various age groups are warranted. To prevent COVID-19-related hospitalizations, all eligible persons should receive COVID-19 vaccination.
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