Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34529267›Full record

ArticleEvolution; international journal of organic evolution2022

System drift and speciation.

Joshua S Schiffman, Peter L Ralph

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Chromosome-specific drift under stabilizing selection generates polygenic barriers to sex chromosome turnover.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Quantitative system drift.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. A species interaction kick-starts ecological speciation in allopatry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Understanding developmental system drift.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024
    Review
  14. The Ecology of Hybrid Incompatibilities.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2024
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Fisher's Geometric Model as a Tool to Study Speciation.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2024
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Joshua S SchiffmanNew York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013.ORCID 0000-0002-1028-1438
Peter L RalphDepartment of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089.ORCID 0000-0002-9459-6866

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Even if a species' phenotype does not change over evolutionary time, the underlying mechanism may change, as distinct molecular pathways can realize identical phenotypes. Here we use linear system theory to explore the consequences of this idea, describing how a gene network underlying a conserved phenotype evolves, as the genetic drift of small changes to these molecular pathways causes a population to explore the set of mechanisms with identical phenotypes. To do this, we model an organism's internal state as a linear system of differential equations for which the environment provides input and the phenotype is the output, in which context there exists an exact characterization of the set of all mechanisms that give the same input-output relationship. This characterization implies that selectively neutral directions in genotype space should be common and that the evolutionary exploration of these distinct but equivalent mechanisms can lead to the reproductive incompatibility of independently evolving populations. This evolutionary exploration, or system drift, is expected to proceed at a rate proportional to the amount of intrapopulation genetic variation divided by the effective population size (

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionGenetic DriftGenetic SpeciationGenotypeHybridization, GeneticModels, GeneticPopulation DensityReproductionGenetic driftmodels/simulationsspeciation

Identifiers

PMID34529267
PMCPMC9292711

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.