SynthesisIndian journal of pediatrics2023
Trends in Urban Immunization Coverage in India: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.
Synthesis in Indian journal of pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Decomposition of socioeconomic inequalities in zero-dose children aged 12-23 months in India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- More work for ASHAs? Exploring the role of whatsapp messaging and community health work in urban slum areas of Varanasi, India.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Enablers and barriers to rotavirus vaccine coverage in Assam, India- A qualitative study.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Exploring the Pattern of Immunization Dropout among Children in India: A District-Level Comparative Analysis.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectivesTo assess the gaps and trends in child immunization coverage among urban and rural areas in India, and compare the success of immunisation program in each.
methodsPubMed, Scopus, and Crossref, and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched on October 9, 2019, and March 21, 2020, for studies that measured and reported immunization coverage indicators in India. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted.
resultsThe authors' search identified 545 studies, and 2 were obtained by expert suggestion. Among these 68 studies and 6 surveys were included. They found that full immunization coverage has grown yearly at 2.65% and 0.82% in rural and urban areas, respectively whereas partial immunization coverage declined by -2.44% and -0.69%, respectively. Percentage of nonimmunized children did not show a statistically significant trend in either.
conclusionWhile rural immunization coverage has seen a large increase over the past two decades, the progress in urban areas is weak and negligible. This was largely attributable to a focus on minimizing dropouts in rural areas. However, a lack of significant reduction in unimmunized children may indicate left-out children or pockets in both rural and urban areas. The poor performance of immunization programs in urban areas, coupled with a larger impact of COVID-19, warrants that India urgently adopts urban-sensitive and urban-focused policies and programs.
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