Underweight but not overweight is associated with excess mortality in septic ICU patients.

backgroundHigher survival has been shown for overweight septic patients compared with normal or underweight patients in the past. This study aimed at investigating the management and outcome of septic ICU patients in different body mass index (BMI) categories in a large multicenter database.

methodsIn total, 16,612 patients of the eICU collaborative research database were included. Baseline characteristics and data on organ support were documented. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to fit three sequential regression models for the binary primary outcome (ICU mortality) to evaluate the impact of the BMI categories: underweight (<18.5 kg/m

resultsManagement strategies were similar across BMI categories. Underweight patients evidenced higher rates of ICU mortality. This finding persisted after adjusting in model 2 (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.15-2.06; p = 0.004) and model 3 (aOR 1.57, 95%CI 1.16-2.12; p = 0.003). No differences were found regarding ICU mortality between normal and overweight patients (aOR 0.93, 95%CI 0.81-1.06; p = 0.29). Obese patients evidenced a lower risk of ICU mortality compared to normal weight, a finding which persisted across all models (model 2: aOR 0.83, 95%CI 0.69-0.99; p = 0.04; model 3: aOR 0.82, 95%CI 0.68-0.98; p = 0.03). The protective effect of obesity and the negative effect of underweight were significant in individuals > 65 years only.

conclusionIn this cohort, underweight was associated with a worse outcome, whereas obese patients evidenced lower mortality. Our analysis thus supports the thesis of the obesity paradox.