ArticlePharmaceutical research2021
Detection of Isopeptide Bonds in Monoclonal Antibody Aggregates.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering Extended Release Profiles for Biologic Formulations via Chemical Cross-Linking of Poloxamer 407 Hydrogels.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances.Pharmaceutical research · 2024Review
- Discovery and Characterization of an Acid-Labile Serine-Lysine Cross-Link in Antibody High-Molecular-Weight Species Using a Multipronged Mass Spectrometry Approach.Analytical chemistry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeA major difficulty in monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutic development is product aggregation. In this study, intermolecular isopeptide bonds in mAb aggregates were characterized for the first time. We aim to propose a mechanism of covalent aggregation in a model antibody using stressed studies at raised temperatures to aid in the understanding of mAb aggregation pathways.
methodsAggregate fractions were generated using raised temperature and were purified using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The fractions were tryptically digested and characterized using liquid chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
resultsAn increased amount of clipping between aspartic acid and proline in a solvent accessible loop in the constant heavy 2 (CH2) domain of the mAb was observed under these conditions. Detailed peptide mapping revealed 14 isopeptide bonds between aspartic acid at that cleavage site and lysine residues on adjacent antibodies. Two additional isopeptide bonds were identified between the mAb HC N-terminal glutamic acid or a separate aspartic acid to lysine residues on adjacent antibodies.
conclusionsInter-protein isopeptide bonds between the side chains of acidic amino acids (aspartate and glutamate) and lysine were characterized for the first time in mAb aggregates. A chemical mechanism was presented whereby spontaneous isopeptide bond formation could be facilitated via either the aspartic acid side chain or C-terminus.
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