ReviewCellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)2021
The tumor microenvironment as driver of stemness and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer: New challenges and therapeutic opportunities.
Review in Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer-associated adipocytes: metabolic reprogramming, crosstalk and therapeutic implications in tumor progression.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
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- Comparison of Neoadjuvant TCHP and ddAC+THP Regimens for Pathologic Complete Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Real-World Analysis of Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Patient-Derived Procoagulant Breast Fibroblasts Expressing Tissue Factor Promote Breast Cancer Cell Migration.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- An updated review on the role of extracellular vesicles in immune system modulation in breast cancer with special emphasis on immune checkpoint regulators.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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- Evolving stratification and biomarker discovery in cancer research with technological advancement of proteomics: 35 years and counting.Bioscience reports · 2025Review
- Resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancers: a metabolic perspective.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- ATG7-deficient fibroblast promotes breast cancer progression via exosome-mediated downregulation of SCARB1.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- High IL-8 plasma levels at baseline are predictive of poor overall survival in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.BMC research notes · 2025Article
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- An update on cancer stem cell survival pathways involved in chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Unravelling the therapeutic potential of dual TGFβ-1 and CXCR4 inhibition in breast cancer using computational strategies.PloS one · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Mystery of Breast Cancer Dormancy: Insights into Genetic, Receptor, and Cellular Interactions Driving Late Recurrence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Yiai Fuzheng decoction inhibits triple-negative breast cancer by remodeling the immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Chloroquine inhibits salinomycin-induced autophagy for collaborative anticancer effect in breast cancer.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- A Review Unveiling the Ferroptosis-Regulated Cell Signalling Pathways in Breast Cancer to Elucidate Potent Targets for Cancer Management.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- The role of CAFs in therapeutic resistance in triple negative breast cancer: an emerging challenge.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer (BC), the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths, remains a significant threat to the health and wellness of women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising cellular components, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, endothelial cells and adipocytes, and noncellular components such as extracellular matrix (ECM), has been recognized as a critical contributor to the development and progression of BC. The interplay between TME components and cancer cells promotes phenotypic heterogeneity, cell plasticity and cancer cell stemness that impart tumor dormancy, enhanced invasion and metastasis, and the development of therapeutic resistance. While most previous studies have focused on targeting cancer cells with a dismal prognosis, novel therapies targeting stromal components are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies, and are already showing improved efficacies. As such, they may offer better means to eliminate the disease effectively.
conclusionsIn this review, we focus on the evolving concept of the TME as a key player regulating tumor growth, metastasis, stemness, and the development of therapeutic resistance. Despite significant advances over the last decade, several clinical trials focusing on the TME have failed to demonstrate promising effectiveness in cancer patients. To expedite clinical efficacy of TME-directed therapies, a deeper understanding of the TME is of utmost importance. Secondly, the efficacy of TME-directed therapies when used alone or in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy, and the tumor stage needs to be studied. Likewise, identifying molecular signatures and biomarkers indicating the type of TME will help in determining precise TME-directed therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.