ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2021
Differences in the potential for dementia prevention between major ethnic groups within one country: A cross sectional analysis of population attributable fraction of potentially modifiable risk factors in New Zealand.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population attributable fractions of modifiable risk factors for dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2024Pooled it
- Umbrella review and Delphi study on modifiable factors for dementia risk reduction.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Risk, protective, and biomarkers of dementia in Indigenous peoples: A systematic review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Mapping the Young-Onset Dementia Research in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Scoping Review.Asia-Pacific psychiatry : official journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- It "Made a Huge Difference when He had a Dry Bed in the Morning": Impacts of Dementia-Related Incontinence on Unpaid Carers' Sleep, Health, and Quality of Life.Dementia (London, England) · 2026Article
- Co-exploring how environments shape brain health through a planetary health lens: a photovoice study in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand.BMJ open · 2026Article
- The principles of Population-Level Approaches to Dementia Risk Reduction (PLADRR).PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Association of neighborhood disadvantage with Alzheimer's disease pathology and the stability of blood-based biomarker performance.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Observational
- Advancing brain health equity with Indigenous peoples: A critical imperative.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Advancing global dementia research through equity and inclusion.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The potential for dementia prevention in Japan: a population attributable fraction calculation for 14 modifiable risk factors and estimates of the impact of risk factor reductions.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Dementia prevention requires moving beyond individual choice: the costs of effort and time intersect with social determinants of health.Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Sex differences in modifiable dementia risk factors: Findings from the Rush Memory and Aging Project.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Attitudes towards dementia prevention in Austria-Results of an exploratory study.Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2025Article
- Estimating the impact of risk factor reduction on dementia prevalence in New Zealand.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Dementia in European, Chinese and Indian/Fijian-Indian Populations in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Protocol.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2025Article
- Preventing dementia in Italy: Estimations of modifiable risk factors and public health implications.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Prevalence of hearing loss in patients with dementia and its association with dementia severity.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Global, regional and national population attributable fraction of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia in the adult population: an analysis using global health databases.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- A scoping review of ear and hearing health research in Aotearoa New Zealand: a focus on equity.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTwelve potentially modifiable risk factors (less education, hypertension, obesity, alcohol, traumatic brain injury (TBI), hearing loss, smoking, depression, physical inactivity, social isolation, diabetes, air pollution) account for an estimated 40% of worldwide dementia cases. We aimed to calculate population attributable fractions (PAFs) for dementia for the four largest New Zealand ethnic groups (European, Māori, Asian, and Pacific peoples) to identify whether optimal dementia prevention targets differed by ethnicity.
methodsWe calculated risk factor prevalence for 10 risk factors using the New Zealand Health Survey 2018/19 and published reports for hearing loss and TBI prevalences. We calculated the PAF for each risk factor using calculated prevalence and relative risk estimates from previous meta-analyses. To account for risk factor overlap, we calculated communality of risk factors and a weighted PAF.
findingsThe weighted PAF for dementia was 47.7% overall in New Zealand, 47.6% for Europeans, 51.4% for Māori, 50.8% for Pacific peoples, and 40.8% for Asians. Highest PAFs for Europeans were hearing loss (8%) and social isolation (5.7%), and for Asians hearing loss (7.3%) and physical inactivity (5.5%). For Māori and Pacific peoples, highest PAFs were for obesity (7.3% and 8.9% respectively) and hearing loss (6.5% and 6.6%).
interpretationNew Zealand has higher dementia prevention potential than worldwide estimates with high prevalences of untreated hearing loss and obesity. The relative contribution of individual risk factors PAFs varies by ethnic group. Public health strategies for dementia prevention need to be tailored to these differences.
fundingHealth Research Council of New Zealand (HRC:20/021).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.