Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34527806›Full record

ArticleAdvanced therapeutics2021

Dendrimer-Triamcinolone Acetonide Reduces Neuroinflammation, Pathological Angiogenesis, and Neuroretinal Dysfunction in Ischemic Retinopathy.

Hongkwan Cho, Siva P Kambhampati, Michael J Lai, Lingli Zhou, Grace Lee, Yangyiran Xie, Qiaoyan Hui, Rangaramanujam M Kannan, Elia J Duh

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  4. Mechanisms of action of retinal microglia in diabetic retinopathy (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025
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  5. Targeting endothelial ERG to mitigate vascular regression in retinopathies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hongkwan ChoDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Siva P KambhampatiDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Michael J LaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Lingli ZhouDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Grace LeeDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Yangyiran XieDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Qiaoyan HuiDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Rangaramanujam M KannanDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Elia J DuhDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Wilmer Core Grant for Vision ResearchP30EY001765 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Ji Yi · 1985 to 2026
$22.1M
Regulation of diabetic retinopathy by Nrf2R01EY022383 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI DUH, ELIA J · 2012 to 2020
$3.8M
Role of Nrf2 in retinal vascularization and ROPR01EY022683 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI DUH, ELIA J · 2012 to 2021
$3.6M
Postnatal combination therapy for cerebral palsyR01HD076901 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI RANGARAMANUJAM, KANNAN · 2014 to 2018
$1.7M
Systemic nanotherapies for ocular inflammation and choroidal neovascularization.R01EY025304 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI RANGARAMANUJAM, KANNAN · 2015 to 2018
$1.6M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001765NEI NIH HHS R01 EY022383NEI NIH HHS R01 EY022683NEI NIH HHS R01 EY025304NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD076901
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Severe visual loss in DR is primarily due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, characterized by pathologic preretinal angiogenesis driven by retinal ischemia. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the retina, have emerged as a potentially important regulator of pathologic retinal angiogenesis. Corticosteroids including triamcinolone acetonide (TA), known for their antiangiogenic effects, are used in treating retinal diseases, but their use is significantly limited by side effects including cataracts and glaucoma. Generation-4 hydroxyl polyamidoamine dendrimer nanoparticles are utilized to deliver TA to activated microglia in the ischemic retina in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Following intravitreal injection, dendrimer-conjugated TA (D-TA) exhibits selective localization and sustained retention in activated microglia in disease-associated areas of the retina. D-TA, but not free TA, suppresses inflammatory cytokine production, microglial activation, and preretinal neovascularization in OIR. In addition, D-TA, but not free TA, ameliorates OIR-induced neuroretinal and visual dysfunction. These results indicate that activated microglia are a promising therapeutic target for retinal angiogenesis and neuroprotection in ischemic retinal diseases. Furthermore, dendrimer-based targeted therapy and specifically D-TA constitute a promising treatment approach for DR, offering increased and sustained drug efficacy with reduced side effects.

Indexed as

angiogenesisdendrimer nanoparticlemicroglianeuroinflammationoxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR)targeted drug deliverytriamcinolone acetonide

Identifiers

PMID34527806
PMCPMC8436818
OpenAlexW3104217977

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.