ArticleBioMed research international2021
Canine Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosomes Exhibit Antitumor Activity in a Mouse Model of Canine Mammary Tumor.
Article in BioMed research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Engineered exosomes for breast cancer immunotherapy: Emerging strategies and translational potential.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Tools in Canine Mammary Tumors: Potential Applications and Perspectives.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Exogenous Heat Shock Proteins in Oncology: Biological Roles and Clinical Implications.Cancers · 2026Review
- Metabolomic profiling and anti-tumor function of canine NK cells in tumor interaction.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Harnessing CAR-Extracellular Vesicles for Next-Generation Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Suppressive effects on metastasis and tumor growth by the knockout of chemokine receptors in a canine cutaneous lymphoma model.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Exosomes derived from natural killer cells: transforming immunotherapy for aggressive breast cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Exosome crosstalk between cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment: cancer progression and therapeutic strategies.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- Natural killer cell-derived exosomes for cancer immunotherapy: innovative therapeutics art.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Multidrug Resistance: Undesirable Intercellular Messengers?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effects of Exosomes on Tumor Bioregulation and Diagnosis.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer.Oncology research · 2023Review
- Review
- Non-Exosomal and Exosome-Derived miRNAs as Promising Biomarkers in Canine Mammary Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Exosome-Based Nanoplatforms: The Emerging Tools for Breast Cancer Therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- ExtracellularFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key immune cells engaged in fighting infection and malignant transformation. In this study, we found that canine NK cell-derived exosomes (NK-exosomes) separated from activated cytotoxic NK cell supernatants express specific markers including CD63, CD81, Alix, HSP70, TSG101, Perforin 1, and Granzyme B. We examined the antitumor effects of NK-exosomes in an experimental murine mammary tumor model using REM134 canine mammary carcinoma cell line. We observed changes in tumor size, tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence-related markers in the control, tumor group, and NK-exosome-treated tumor group. We found that the tumor size in the NK-exosome-treated tumor group decreased compared with that of the tumor group in the REM134-driven tumorigenic mouse model. We observed significant changes including the expression of tumorigenesis-related markers, such as B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase-3 (MMP-3), interleukin-1
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.