ReviewAging and disease2021
Extracellular Vesicles as Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Mediators, Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Agents in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Aging and disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Immune reconstitution and tolerance-inducing therapies as promising therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- The Beneficial Effects of Berberine on Brain Functions in Age-Related Neurological Disorders: From Molecular Signaling to Treatment.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: At the Interface Between Research and Clinical Practice.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hetero Sandwich Immunoassay as Tool to Probe the Composition of the Extracellular Vesicles Membranes: The Case Study of L1CAM Localization.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Deciphering the role of tRNA-derived fragments in neurological and psychiatric disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: clinical applications and challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Allogeneic Treg-derived artificial vesicles: A promising therapeutic modality for multiple sclerosis.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Research progress on pharmacological effects and bioavailability of berberine.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Ultrastructural Characterization of PBMCs and Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Unlocking the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles as the Next Generation Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Review
- Cilia and Extracellular Vesicles in Brain Development and Disease.Biological psychiatry · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomolecules for Neurodegenerative Disabilities.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- A Scoping Review on Body Fluid Biomarkers for Prognosis and Disease Activity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Current and Future Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- L1CAM-associated extracellular vesicles: A systematic review of nomenclature, sources, separation, and characterization.Journal of extracellular biology · 2022Article
- Vesicular traffic-mediated cell-to-cell signaling at the immune synapse in Ankylosing Spondylitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Berberine: A Promising Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Linking Inflammation, Cancer and Thrombotic Risks.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multiple demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord and brain. Neuronal disruption caused by myelin loss or demyelination, which may accompany axonal changes, leads to multiple neurological symptoms. They may transiently appear for weeks during periods of disease worsening (relapse) in relapsing-remitting form of MS (RRMS). Although a number of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors influencing the development of MS have been identified, the precise mechanisms involved in the CNS tissue damage in MS are still poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed a significant role of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in many diseases. EVs are known to serve as a cellular communication tool between two cell types either in close proximity or in different parts of the body. During the recent development in understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, studies have revealed the possible role of EVs in MS. Furthermore, circulating EVs can be used as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression and activity of MS, and they can also be therapeutic reagents or targets of therapy. In this review we overview and discuss in detail about generation of EVs and their diversified roles in MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.