ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
CTLA-4 Synergizes With PD1/PD-L1 in the Inhibitory Tumor Microenvironment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- PD-L1 Expression in Biliary Tract Cancer: Comparison Across Antibody Clones and Role as a Predictor of Response to Chemoimmunotherapy: A Meta-Analysis.JCO precision oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Advances and challenges in immunotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on the tumour immune microenvironment.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Improving Anti-CTLA-4 Therapies through Peptide Masking and Fragment Crystallizable Non-fucosylation: Preclinical Characterization of Three Novel Antibodies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Advances in Immunotherapy for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Predictive Immunohistochemistry in Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Clinical Utility, Practical Limitations, and Emerging Directions.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Review
- Harnessing cellular immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: an integrated roadmap for overcoming resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research progress on immune checkpoint inhibitors in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Current Advances and Future Directions for Sensitizing Gastric Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Deciphering cholangiocarcinoma heterogeneity and specific progenitor cell niche of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at single-cell resolution.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Article
- The Immune-Genomics of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Biological Footprint to Develop Novel Immunotherapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Construction and Validation of a T Cell Exhaustion-Related Prognostic Signature in Cholangiocarcinoma.International journal of genomics · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 Expression in Thyroid Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance.Cureus · 2024Article
- Epidemiology and tumor microenvironment of ocular surface and orbital tumors on growth and malignant transformation.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor microenvironment within cholangiocarcinoma: immune heterogeneity, intercellular communication, immune checkpoints.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Tumor immune microenvironment and the current immunotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- High endothelial venule is a prognostic immune-related biomarker in patients with resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Cell proliferation · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is highly invasive and carries high mortality due to limited therapeutic strategies. In other solid tumors, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), and the PD1 ligand PD-L1 has revolutionized treatment and improved outcomes. However, the relationship and clinical significance of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression in ICC remains to be addressed. Deciphering CTLA-4 and PD-L1 interactions in ICC enable targeted therapy for this disease. In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect and quantify CTLA-4, forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), and PD-L1 in samples from 290 patients with ICC. The prognostic capabilities of CTLA-4, FOXP3, and PD-L1 expression in ICC were investigated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent risk factors related to ICC survival and recurrence were assessed by the Cox proportional hazards models. Here, we identified that CTLA-4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.