ArticleScientific reports2021
Atypical for northern ungulates, energy metabolism is lowest during summer in female wild boars (Sus scrofa).
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Starving or Stuffing? Plasticity in Wild Boar Body Mass Variations During Summer in a Mediterranean Area.Integrative zoology · 2026Article
- Article
- Fecal thyroid hormone metabolites in wild ungulates: a mini-review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Multi-omics analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites reveals contrasting profiles in domestic pigs and wild boars across urban environments.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Thermoregulation in the wild boar (Sus scrofa).Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2023Article
- The Influence of Photoperiod, Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Food Availability on Seasonal Acclimatization in Red Deer (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Providing baseline data for conservation-Heart rate monitoring in captive scimitar-horned oryx.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Typically, large ungulates show a single seasonal peak of heart rate, a proxy of energy expenditure, in early summer. Different to other large ungulates, wild boar females had peak heart rates early in the year (at ~ April, 1), which likely indicates high costs of reproduction. This peak was followed by a trough over summer and a secondary summit in autumn/early winter, which coincided with the mast seeding of oak trees and the mating season. Wild boars counteracted the effects of cold temperatures by decreasing subcutaneous body temperature by peripheral vasoconstriction. They also passively gained solar radiation energy by basking in the sun. However, the shape of the seasonal rhythm in HR indicates that it was apparently not primarily caused by thermoregulatory costs but by the costs of reproduction. Wild boar farrow early in the year, visible in high HRs and sudden changes in intraperitoneal body temperature of females. Arguably, a prerequisite for this early reproduction as well as for high energy metabolism over winter is the broad variety of food consumed by this species, i.e., the omnivorous lifestyle. Extremely warm and dry summers, as experienced during the study years (2017, 2018), may increasingly become a bottleneck for food intake of wild boar.
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