Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34526490›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Evidence from a long-term experiment that collective risks change social norms and promote cooperation.

Aron Szekely, Francesca Lipari, Alberto Antonioni, Mario Paolucci, Angel Sánchez, Luca Tummolini, Giulia Andrighetto

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Intragroup Judgements of Norm Violators Under the Threat of COVID-19.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
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  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. The chronospatial revolution in psychology.Nature human behaviour · 2025
    Review
  9. Humans program artificial delegates to accurately solve collective-risk dilemmas but lack precision.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. A norm about harvest division is maintained by a desire to follow tradition, not by social policing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Risk, sanctions and norm change: the formation and decay of social distancing norms.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Article
  15. Modelling social norms: an integration of the norm-utility approach with beliefs dynamics.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Review
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Aron Szekely *Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy. aron.szekely@carloalberto.org.ORCID 0000-0001-5651-4711
Francesca Lipari *Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5407-2876
Alberto AntonioniGrupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5788-3348
Mario PaolucciInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8276-1086
Angel SánchezGrupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1874-2881
Luca TummoliniInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7791-0457
Giulia AndrighettoInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Social norms can help solve pressing societal challenges, from mitigating climate change to reducing the spread of infectious diseases. Despite their relevance, how norms shape cooperation among strangers remains insufficiently understood. Influential theories also suggest that the level of threat faced by different societies plays a key role in the strength of the norms that cultures evolve. Still little causal evidence has been collected. Here we deal with this dual challenge using a 30-day collective-risk social dilemma experiment to measure norm change in a controlled setting. We ask whether a looming risk of collective loss increases the strength of cooperative social norms that may avert it. We find that social norms predict cooperation, causally affect behavior, and that higher risk leads to stronger social norms that are more resistant to erosion when the risk changes. Taken together, our results demonstrate the causal effect of social norms in promoting cooperation and their role in making behavior resilient in the face of exogenous change.

Indexed as

Cooperative BehaviorInterpersonal RelationsSocial BehaviorSocial NormsAdultFemaleHumansLinear ModelsMaleModels, TheoreticalMultivariate AnalysisSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID34526490
PMCPMC8443614

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.