ReviewThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2021
The Glymphatic System: A Novel Component of Fundamental Neurobiology.
Review in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 255 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Study in Healthy Humans During Induction of Propofol Anesthesia to Investigate the Dynamics of Thalamocortical Functional Connectivity in the Alpha Frequency
Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Protocol on Sleep Quality in Parkinson's Disease Subjects
Who cites it
255 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 401 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain lymphatic drainage pathways, deep cervical lymphatic surgery, and current insights: A systematic review.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Pooled it
- Glymphatic Pathway Dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging Along the Perivascular Space.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Therapeutic Modulation of Meningeal Lymphatics: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence Across Neurological Disorders.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between the brain glymphatic system and mitochondrial (dys)function: a systematic review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the robustness of DTI-ALPS in clinical context: a meta-analytic parallel on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Choroid plexus volume changes in multiple sclerosis: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies.Neuroradiology · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Sleep deprivation and sleep intensity exert distinct effects on cerebral vasomotion and brain pulsations driven by the respiratory and cardiac cycles.PLoS biology · 2025Trial
- High-Resolution IVIM MRI Characterizes Diffusion-Perfusion Properties of the Parasagittal Dura.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- How brain pulsations drive solute transport in the cranial subarachnoid space: insights from a toy model.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation as a Final Common Pathway in Systemic Disease - How Systemic Disease Becomes Brain Disease.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Altered Neurofluid Dynamics Markers in Middle-Aged and Older Women With Insomnia: A Multiparametric MR Neuroimaging Study.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Glymphatic dysfunction is associated with hyperglycemia-related cortical thinning in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- The Role of Glymphatic Clearance in Affective Decision-Making in Adolescents with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Spatial organization of AQP4 water channel expression in the human brain.Science advances · 2026Article
- The Glymphatic System in Neurological Diseases: Mechanisms, Imaging Surrogates, and Translational Uncertainties.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- High frame ratebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Coordinated Gliovascular Remodeling Across Diffuse Glioma Grades.Cancers · 2026Article
- Written in the Stars: Astrocyte Biology From Evolution to Disease.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Female vulnerability to microvascular transport dysfunction emerges early across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the lymphatic system in the CNS. As such, the glymphatic system plays a key role in regulating directional interstitial fluid movement, waste clearance, and, potentially, brain immunity. The glymphatic system enables bulk movement of CSF from the subarachnoid space along periarterial spaces, where it mixes with interstitial fluid within the parenchyma before ultimately exiting from the parenchyma via perivenous spaces. This review focuses on important questions about the structure of this system, why the brain needs a fluid transport system, and unexplored aspects of brain fluid transport. We provide evidence that astrocytes and blood vessels determine the shape of the perivascular space, ultimately controlling the movement of perivascular fluid. Glymphatic fluid movement has the potential to alter local as well as global transport of signaling molecules and metabolites. We also highlight the evidence for cross talk among the glymphatic system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, and lymphatic system. Much remains to be studied, but we propose that the glymphatic/lymphatic system acts as a cornerstone in signaling between the brain and body.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.