ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Regulatory T cells protect against brain damage by alleviating inflammatory response in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory T cells in perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review with structured narrative synthesis from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Systemic T Cell Receptor Profiling Reveals Adaptive Immune Activation and Potential Immune Signatures of Diagnosis and Brain Atrophy in Epilepsy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Muscle RING finger-1 facilitates skeletal muscle regeneration via regulating myoblast proliferation and differentiation.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic advances of gut metabolites in the regulation of neuroimmune inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tissue repair in the central nervous system: the epigenetic programming of regulatory T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microglial PD-1/PD-L1 axis in CNS demyelinating diseases: a dual immunoregulatory perspective.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- A-to-I RNA editing profiles and distinct immune responses in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-positive optic neuritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Distinct remission immune architectures under rituximab and azathioprine in AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles as antigen-specific therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Usutu virus-induced meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent mice is characterized by the recruitment of mononuclear cells and a proinflammatory T helper 1 response.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Toward curing neurological autoimmune disorders: Biomarkers, immunological mechanisms, and therapeutic targets.Neuron · 2025Review
- Impact of Particulate Matter 2.5 on Neurological Diseases: Insights Into Pathophysiological and Molecular Mechanisms.Journal of toxicology · 2025Review
- CD4PeerJ · 2025Review
- Induction of immune tolerance in NMOSD and MOGAD.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- Decoding paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica: a multi-omics investigation of tumor-driven T and B cell dynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Integrated omics profiling reveals systemic dysregulation and potential biomarkers in the blood of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Mini-Review: Tregs as a Tool for Therapy-Obvious and Non-Obvious Challenges and Solutions.Cells · 2024Review
- Neutral Red Labeling: A Novel Vital Staining Method for Investigating Central and Peripheral Nervous System Lesions.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2024Review
- Serum LDL Promotes Microglial Activation and Exacerbates Demyelinating Injury in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is mainly an anti-aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4) autoantibodies-mediated idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Systemic and local inflammatory responses play a key role in the pathophysiology of NMOSD. However, the role of the crucial immunomodulators CD4
methodsTwenty-five patients with anti-AQP4-postive NMOSD undergoing an attack and 21 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Frequencies of T cell subsets and Tregs in the peripheral blood were assessed by flow cytometry. Additionally, a model of NMOSD using purified immunoglobulin G from anti-AQP4-antibodies-positive patients with NMOSD and human complement injected into brain of female adult C57BL/6J mice was established. Infiltrated Tregs into NMOSD mouse brain lesions were analyzed by flow cytometry, histological sections, and real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. Astrocyte loss, demyelination, and inflammatory response were also evaluated in our NMOSD mouse model. Finally, we examined the effects of both depletion and adoptive transfer of Tregs.
resultsThe percentage of Tregs, especially naïve Tregs, among total T cells in peripheral blood was significantly decreased in NMOSD patients at acute stage when compared to HCs. Within our animal model, the number and proportion of Tregs among CD4
conclusionTregs may be key immunomodulators ameliorating brain damage via dampening inflammatory response after NMOSD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.