ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Dexamethasone enhances the efficacy of atorvastatin in inhibiting excessively inflammation-induced abnormal angiogenesis by regulating macrophages.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Randomized, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness Comparisons of Drug Therapy on Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Naoxueshu Oral Liquid Promotes Hematoma Absorption and Relieves Neurological Symptoms in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Patients: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Self-Controlled Study.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Patients: A Propensity-Matched Multi-Institutional Cohort Study.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Characteristics and outcomes in atorvastatin therapy for chronic subdural hematoma: a national, observational real-world study in China, 2019-2024.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Organized chronic subdural hematoma with cognitive impairment: A case report and literature review.Medicine · 2025Review
- Conservative therapy of epidural hematoma with atorvastatin combined with glucocorticoids: cases report and literature review.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Chronic subdural hematoma that may be caused by nephrotic syndrome: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Subdural Hematomas in Adults and Children.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe have recently showed that atorvastatin (ATO) combined with low dose of dexamethasone (DEX) was more efficacious in treating patients with chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) than ATO monotherapy. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the improved efficacy of this combined therapy.
methodsMass spectrometry was performed to quantitatively detect drugs in haematoma fluids and serum samples from CSDH patients and also in cultured macrophages after treatment with either ATO alone or in combination with DEX. The differentiation and apoptosis of macrophages were evaluated using flow cytometry. The expression of cytokines, chemokines and angiogenesis-related proteins was evaluated using proteome profile arrays, immunoblots and ELISA, respectively.
resultsATO was detected in haematoma fluids and serum samples, whose levels were increased significantly in samples collected from patients treated with both ATO and DEX. ATO was also increased in cultured macrophages treated with ATO and DEX. The numbers of M1-polarized macrophages were higher than the M2 phenotype in the haematoma fluids of patients. Cultured macrophages treated with ATO and DEX had reduced numbers of M1-polarized macrophages, increased numbers of M2-polarized macrophages as compared to monotherapies, and decreased rate of apoptosis induced by high-dose DEX. DEX enhanced the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activity of ATO by suppressing VEGFA and other inflammatory angiogenic factors. Consistent with the finding, patients responded well to the drug treatments had lower serum levels of VEGFA.
conclusionsWe have shown for the first time that ATO given orally was detected in CSDH haematoma fluids. DEX enhances the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of ATO, primarily by increasing the presence of ATO in haematoma and macrophages and by regulating the functions of macrophages.
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Registered trials
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