Trial reportBMC medical education2021
Virtual reality-based neurological examination teaching tool(VRNET) versus standardized patient in teaching neurological examinations for the medical students: a randomized, single-blind study.
Trial report in BMC medical education, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06536361 (Effect of Virtual Reality Simulation on Nursing Students' Knowledge and Skill Performance in Respiratory Physical Examination), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Virtual Reality Simulation on Nursing Students' Knowledge and Skill Performance in Respiratory Physical Examination: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Virtual Simulations Versus Mannequins and Real Persons in Medical and Nursing Education: Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Development and preliminary evaluation of a virtual standardized patient system for psychiatric interview training.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Enhancing medical education with chatbots: a randomized controlled trial on standardized patients for colorectal cancer.BMC medical education · 2024Trial
- Student standardized patients versus occupational standardized patients for improving clinical competency among TCM medical students: a 3-year prospective randomized study.BMC medical education · 2023Trial
- Standardized patient training for neurological examination: providing precise, technique-oriented feedback.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Virtual vs. standardized patients - a preliminary comparison of advantages and disadvantages of a VR and a conventional learning unit for medical students in child and adolescent psychiatry.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Incorporating virtual reality in undergraduate internal medicine education: a scoping review of current evidence and implementation strategies.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Virtual reality simulation to teach communication for undergraduate nursing students: a scoping review.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Effects of educational intervention on knowledge of Full Outline of Un-Responsiveness score among health workers in uganda: a quasi -experimental pilot study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Education Research: Comparison of Lecture-Based and Direct Instruction Didactics to Improve Neurologic Examination Confidence in Neurology Clerkship Students.Neurology. Education · 2025Article
- Medical simulation: an essential tool for training, diagnosis, and treatment in the 21st century.BMC medical education · 2025Review
- Immersive Extended Reality (I-XR) in Medical and Nursing for Skill Competency and Knowledge Acquisition: A Systematic Review and Implications for Pedagogical Practices.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of artificial intelligence on academic performance in medical education: A systematic review.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Review
- Education Research: Qualitative Assessment of Virtual Teaching of the Neurological Examination to Students Reveals Importance of Technique, Process, and Documentation.Neurology. Education · 2023Article
- Perception and knowledge of learners about the use of 3D technologies in manual therapy education - a qualitative study.BMC medical education · 2023Article
- Medical Education 4.0: A Neurology Perspective.Cureus · 2022Review
- Virtual Simulation in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review of Recent Practice.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Virtual Reality-Integrated Immersion-Based Teaching to English Language Learning Outcome.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe conventional methods for teaching neurological examination with real patients to medical students have some limitations if the patient with the symptom or disease is not available. Therefore, we developed a Virtual Reality-based Neurological Examination Teaching Tool (VRNET) and evaluated its usefulness in in teaching neurological examinations for the medical students.
methodsIn this prospective, randomized, single-blind study, we recruited 98 medical students and divided them into two groups: 1) A standardized patient(SP) group that received the clinical performance examination utilizing standard patients complaining of dizziness was provided neurological findings using conventional method such as verbal description, photographs, and video clips; 2) A SP with VRNET group that was provided the neurological findings using the newly developed tool. Among the 98 students, 3 did not agree to participate, and 95 were enrolled in this study. The SP group comprised 39 students and the SP with VRNET group had 56 students.
resultsThere were no statistical differences in VRNET's realness and student satisfaction between the SP and SP with VRNET groups. However, a statistically significant difference was found in the Neurologic Physical Exam (NPE) score (p = 0.043); the SP with VRNET group had higher NPE scores (3.81 ± 0.92) than the SP group (3.40 ± 1.01).
conclusionsVRNET is useful in teaching senior (graduating) medical students with SP with a neurologic problem.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.