ArticleImmunity2021
Limited access to antigen drives generation of early B cell memory while restraining the plasmablast response.
Article in Immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Insights into Microbiota-Vaccine Crosstalk in Humans: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Translational Horizons.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Interferon-Mediated Regulation of Memory B Cell Identity and Function.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- AID and TET2 cooperate to demethylate Irf4 for plasma cell fate in germinal center B cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Multiple roads to IgE memory: A pluralistic model of IgE immunity.Cell reports · 2026Review
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- In vivo CRISPR/Cas9 screens identify new regulators of B cell activation and plasma cell differentiation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Extrafollicular and other non-germinal center B cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Cxcl9Communications biology · 2025Article
- Targeting immunosenesence promotes clearance of senescent cells.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Autophagy is an upstream mediator of chromatin dynamics in normal and autoimmune germinal center B cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Thymflammation: The Role of a Constitutively Active Inflammatory Network and "Ectopic" Cell Types in the Thymus in the Induction of T Cell Tolerance and Beyond.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- The rules of different B cell subtypes in colorectal cancer: friends or foes?Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- EZH2 coordinates memory B-cell programming and recall responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Article
- Polarization of the memory B-cell response.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Review
- Signaling Activation and Modulation in Extrafollicular B Cell Responses.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Linking vaccine adjuvant mechanisms of action to function.Science immunology · 2025Review
- BHLHE41, a transcriptional repressor involved in physiological processes and tumor development.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cell fate decisions during early B cell activation determine the outcome of responses to pathogens and vaccines. We examined the early B cell response to T-dependent antigen in mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Early after immunization, a homogeneous population of activated precursors (APs) gave rise to a transient wave of plasmablasts (PBs), followed a day later by the emergence of germinal center B cells (GCBCs). Most APs rapidly exited the cell cycle, giving rise to non-GC-derived early memory B cells (eMBCs) that retained an AP-like transcriptional profile. Rapid decline of antigen availability controlled these events; provision of excess antigen precluded cell cycle exit and induced a new wave of PBs. Fate mapping revealed a prominent contribution of eMBCs to the MBC pool. Quiescent cells with an MBC phenotype dominated the early response to immunization in primates. A reservoir of APs/eMBCs may enable rapid readjustment of the immune response when failure to contain a threat is manifested by increased antigen availability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.