Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34524703›Full record

ArticleThe EMBO journal2021

Liquid-liquid phase separation underpins the formation of replication factories in rotaviruses.

Florian Geiger, Julia Acker, Guido Papa, Xinyu Wang, William E Arter, Kadi L Saar, Nadia A Erkamp, Runzhang Qi, Jack Pk Bravo, Sebastian Strauss and 6 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The EMBO journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. Phosphorylation enables allosteric control of a viral condensate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Florian GeigerDepartment of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Julia AckerDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6422-6514
Guido PapaInternational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5215-0014
Xinyu WangDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
William E ArterDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3615-1885
Kadi L SaarDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Nadia A ErkampDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Runzhang QiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Jack Pk BravoDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Sebastian StraussDepartment of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany.
Georg KrainerDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Oscar R BurroneInternational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.
Ralf JungmannDepartment of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4607-3312
Tuomas Pj KnowlesDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Hanna EngelkeDepartment of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9529-9436
Alexander BorodavkaDepartment of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5729-2687
University of Cambridge · GBMax Planck Institute of Biochemistry · DEInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology · ITLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München · DEMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology · GBUniversity of Graz · AT

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilWellcome TrustWellcome Trust 103068/Z/13/ZWellcome Trust 213437/Z/18/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RNA viruses induce the formation of subcellular organelles that provide microenvironments conducive to their replication. Here we show that replication factories of rotaviruses represent protein-RNA condensates that are formed via liquid-liquid phase separation of the viroplasm-forming proteins NSP5 and rotavirus RNA chaperone NSP2. Upon mixing, these proteins readily form condensates at physiologically relevant low micromolar concentrations achieved in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. Early infection stage condensates could be reversibly dissolved by 1,6-hexanediol, as well as propylene glycol that released rotavirus transcripts from these condensates. During the early stages of infection, propylene glycol treatments reduced viral replication and phosphorylation of the condensate-forming protein NSP5. During late infection, these condensates exhibited altered material properties and became resistant to propylene glycol, coinciding with hyperphosphorylation of NSP5. Some aspects of the assembly of cytoplasmic rotavirus replication factories mirror the formation of other ribonucleoprotein granules. Such viral RNA-rich condensates that support replication of multi-segmented genomes represent an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic approaches.

Indexed as

Protein Processing, Post-TranslationalAnimalsCattleCell LineCytoplasmic Ribonucleoprotein GranulesGene Expression Regulation, ViralGenes, ReporterGlycolsGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHaplorhiniHEK293 CellsHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansOsmolar ConcentrationPhosphorylationPropylene Glycolenhanced green fluorescent proteinGlycolsGreen Fluorescent Proteinshexamethylene glycolNS35 protein, rotavirusNSP5 protein, rotavirus group APropylene GlycolRNA-Binding ProteinsViral Nonstructural Proteinsbiomolecular condensatesmicrofluidicsRNP granulesviral genome assembly

Identifiers

PMID34524703
PMCPMC8561643
OpenAlexW3200801568

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.