Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34524586›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2022

Second-Order False Beliefs and Linguistic Recursion in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Irina Polyanskaya, Inge-Marie Eigsti, Torben Brauner, Patrick Blackburn

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Associations between pragmatic language and Theory of Mind in individuals with a history of autism and those who have lost the autism diagnosis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Training Syntax to Enhance Theory of Mind in Children with ASD.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Irina PolyanskayaDepartment of People and Technology, Roskilde University, Building 08.2, P.O. Box 260, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
Inge-Marie EigstiDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 146 Babbidge Road, U-1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. inge-marie.eigsti@uconn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-1898
Torben BraunerDepartment of People and Technology, Roskilde University, Building 08.2, P.O. Box 260, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
Patrick BlackburnDepartment of Communication and Arts, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.

Funding

Optimal Outcomes in ASD: Adult Functioning, Predictors, and MechanismsR01MH112687 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI EIGSTI, INGE-MARIE, FEIN, DEBORAH A. · 2018 to 2022
$3.4M
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health R01MH112687-01A1NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH112687
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the role of recursive language and working memory (WM) in second-order false belief skills in Danish-speaking children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 62; 8 females) and typical development (n = 41; 15 females), ages 6-16. Second-order false belief skills correlated with receptive grammar, vocabulary, and age; sentential complement production predicted second-order false beliefs, controlling for age, receptive grammar and WM. Regressions showed that second-order false belief was associated with age across groups, but with sentential complements in the ASD group only. Second-order false belief skills improved in children who received training in either recursive phrases (d = 0.21) or WM (d = 0.74), compared to an active control group. Results suggest that false belief skills are entwined with both linguistic and executive functions.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAdolescentChildFemaleHumansLanguageLanguage TestsLinguisticsVocabularyCompositional semanticsSecond-order false beliefSentential complementationTheory of mindVerbal mediation

Identifiers

PMID34524586
PMCPMC8920946

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.