SynthesisSports medicine - open2021
Factors Confounding the Athlete Biological Passport: A Systematic Narrative Review.
Synthesis in Sports medicine - open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Doping Prevalence in Sport from Indirect Estimation Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Significantly Impacts the Haematological Variables of the Athlete Biological Passport.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Evaluating Transcriptomic Biomarkers for rHuEPO Detection: Assessing the Impact of Exercise and Altitude Exposure.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Article
- Sex and performance-level differences in aerobic and haematological parameters among elite ski mountaineering athletes.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Estimation of Plasma Volume by Machine Learning to Improve the Interpretation of the Athlete Biological Passport.Drug testing and analysis · 2025Article
- The 4Rs Framework of Sports Nutrition: An Update with Recommendations to Evaluate Allostatic Load in Athletes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Predicting Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Doping among Specialized Health Care Patients with Elastic Net Regression Reveals Potential Laboratory Variables for "Patient Biological Passport".Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Prohibited Olympic Medalist with PIEZO1 VUS Who Claims Innocence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Laboratory medicine and sports: where are we now?Biochemia medica · 2024Review
- Establishing Personalized Blood Protein Reference Ranges Using Noninvasive Microsampling and Targeted Proteomics: Implications for Antidoping Strategies.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Comparison between standard hematological parameters and blood doping biomarkers in dried blood spots within the athlete population of Swiss Sport Integrity.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Substance Use and Addiction in Athletes: The Case for Neuromodulation and Beyond.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Removal of the influence of plasma volume fluctuations for the athlete biological passport and stability of haematological variables in active women taking oral contraception.Drug testing and analysis · 2022Article
- Future opportunities for the Athlete Biological Passport.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Altitude and Erythropoietin: Comparative Evaluation of Their Impact on Key Parameters of the Athlete Biological Passport: A Review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThrough longitudinal, individual and adaptive monitoring of blood biomarkers, the haematological module of the athlete biological passport (ABP) has become a valuable tool in anti-doping efforts. The composition of blood as a vector of oxygen in the human body varies in athletes with the influence of multiple intrinsic (genetic) or extrinsic (training or environmental conditions) factors. In this context, it is fundamental to establish a comprehensive understanding of the various causes that may affect blood variables and thereby alter a fair interpretation of ABP profiles.
methodsThis literature review described the potential factors confounding the ABP to outline influencing factors altering haematological profiles acutely or chronically.
resultsOur investigation confirmed that natural variations in ABP variables appear relatively small, likely-at least in part-because of strong human homeostasis. Furthermore, the significant effects on haematological variations of environmental conditions (e.g. exposure to heat or hypoxia) remain debatable. The current ABP paradigm seems rather robust in view of the existing literature that aims to delineate adaptive individual limits. Nevertheless, its objective sensitivity may be further improved.
conclusionsThis narrative review contributes to disentangling the numerous confounding factors of the ABP to gather the available scientific evidence and help interpret individual athlete profiles.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.