Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34524508›Full record

ReviewCurrent topics in microbiology and immunology2023

A Guide to Preclinical Models of Zoster-Associated Pain and Postherpetic Neuralgia.

Benjamin E Warner, William F Goins, Phillip R Kramer, Paul R Kinchington

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Virally-initiated pain states: phenotypes, mechanisms, and future directions.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Benjamin E WarnerDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
William F GoinsDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Phillip R KramerDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.
Paul R KinchingtonDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. kinchingtonp@upmc.edu.
University of Pittsburgh · USTexas A&M University · US

Funding

Virus Production and Manipulation of Protein/Gene Expression ModuleP30EY008098 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Ethan A Rossi · 1989 to 2026
$17.8M
Varicella zoster virus-Induced Pain in a Rat Model of Post-Herpetic NeuralgiaR01NS064022 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI KINCHINGTON, PAUL R. · 2009 to 2019
$3.6M
Interdisciplinary Visual Sciences (IVS) Traininig ProgramT32EY017271 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Marlene Behrmann, Paul R. Kinchington · 2008 to 2026
$3.6M
Molecular studies of VZV infection, latency and reactivation in human neurons in-vitroR01AI122640 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI KINCHINGTON, PAUL R. · 2016 to 2020
$2.3M
Estradiol and Zoster Associated Orofacial PainR01DE026749 · NIDCR · TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CTR · PI KRAMER, PHILLIP R · 2018 to 2022
$2.0M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY008098NEI NIH HHS T32 EY017271NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI122640NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE026749NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS064022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes herpes zoster (HZ), which is commonly accompanied by acute pain and pruritus over the time course of a zosteriform rash. Although the rash and associated pain are self-limiting, a considerable fraction of HZ cases will subsequently develop debilitating chronic pain states termed postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). How VZV causes acute pain and the mechanisms underlying the transition to PHN are far from clear. The human-specific nature of VZV has made in vivo modeling of pain following reactivation difficult to study because no single animal can reproduce reactivated VZV disease as observed in the clinic. Investigations of VZV pathogenesis following primary infection have benefited greatly from human tissues harbored in immune-deficient mice, but modeling of acute and chronic pain requires an intact nervous system with the capability of transmitting ascending and descending sensory signals. Several groups have found that subcutaneous VZV inoculation of the rat induces prolonged and measurable changes in nociceptive behavior, indicating sensitivity that partially mimics the development of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia seen in HZ and PHN patients. Although it is not a model of reactivation, the rat is beginning to inform how VZV infection can evoke a pain response and induce long-lasting alterations to nociception. In this review, we will summarize the rat pain models from a practical perspective and discuss avenues that have opened for testing of novel treatments for both zoster-associated pain and chronic PHN conditions, which remain in critical need of effective therapies.

Indexed as

Acute PainChronic PainExanthemaHerpes ZosterNeuralgia, PostherpeticAnimalsChronic DiseaseHerpesvirus 3, HumanHumansMiceRatsAlphaherpesvirusBehavior assessmentChronic pain modelHerpes zosterNeuropathic pain modelPostherpetic neuralgiaPreclinical modelRodent modelTherapeuticsVaricella-zoster virusZoster-associated pain

Identifiers

PMID34524508
PMCPMC12107716
OpenAlexW3199620845

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.