Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34522598›Full record

ReviewActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B2021

Pharmaceutical strategies to extend pulmonary exposure of inhaled medicines.

Yi Guo, Hriday Bera, Changzhi Shi, Li Zhang, Dongmei Cun, Mingshi Yang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Inhalational therapy of pulmonary infectionActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yi GuoWuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
Hriday BeraWuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
Changzhi ShiWuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
Li ZhangWuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
Dongmei CunWuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
Mingshi YangWuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pulmonary administration route has been extensively exploited for the treatment of local lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and respiratory infections, and systemic diseases such as diabetes. Most inhaled medicines could be cleared rapidly from the lungs and their therapeutic effects are transit. The inhaled medicines with extended pulmonary exposure may not only improve the patient compliance by reducing the frequency of drug administration, but also enhance the clinical benefits to the patients with improved therapeutic outcomes. This article systematically reviews the physical and chemical strategies to extend the pulmonary exposure of the inhaled medicines. It starts with an introduction of various physiological and pathophysiological barriers for designing inhaled medicines with extended lung exposure, which is followed by recent advances in various strategies to overcome these barriers. Finally, the applications of the inhaled medicines with extended lung exposure for the treatment of various diseases and the safety concerns associated to various strategies to extend the pulmonary exposure of the inhaled medicines are summarized.

Indexed as

ALIS, amikacin liposomal inhalation suspensionAPI, active pharmaceutical ingredientBALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluidCOPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasesCS, chitosanDa, aerodynamic diametersDPIs, dry powder inhalersDPPC, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholineDSPC, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineELF, epithelial lining fluidFDA, US food and drug administrationFDKP, fumaryl diketopiperazineHA, hyaluronic acidIL-4, interleukin-4IL-5, interleukin-5Inhaled sustained release formulationsLABA, long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonistLocal lung diseasesLPPs, large porous particlesMCE, mucociliary escalatorMDIs, metered dose inhalersMn, number-average molecular weightMP, mucoadhesive particlesMPP, mucus-penetrating particlesMW, molecular weightNLCs, nanostructured lipid carriersPCL, poly-ε-caprolactonePDD, pulmonary drug deliveryPEG, polyethylene glycolPharmaceutical strategiesPK, pharmacokineticsPLA, polylactic acidPLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)Pulmonary clearance pathwaysPulmonary drug deliveryPulmonary exposurePulmonary safetyPVA, polyvinyl alcoholSLNs, solid lipid nanoparticlesSystemic diseasesTmax, time of maximum concentration

Identifiers

PMID34522598
PMCPMC8424368

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.