ReviewCureus2021
Influence of Microbiome and Antibiotics on the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Review in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prognostic value of the nutritional risk index and prognostic nutritional index for immunotherapy outcomes in cervical Cancer.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- The Skin Microbiome: A New Key Player in Melanoma, From Onset to Metastatic Stage.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2025Review
- Prognosis in stage II colon cancer: Expanding the horizons of risk factors.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Microbiome Integrity Enhances the Efficacy and Safety of Anticancer Drug.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Antibiotic Use and Survival in Patients With Late-Stage NSCLC Treated With Chemoimmunotherapy.JTO clinical and research reports · 2024Article
- Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Pharmacomicrobiomics in precision cancer therapy: bench to bedside.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The role of intestinal flora on tumorigenesis, progression, and the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in colorectal cancer.Cancer biology & medicine · 2023Review
- Navigating the Immune Maze: Pioneering Strategies for Unshackling Cancer Immunotherapy Resistance.Cancers · 2023Review
- Effect of microbiome group on immune checkpoint inhibitors in treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2023Article
- The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.Cancers · 2023Review
- Impact of Infections in Patients Receiving Pembrolizumab-Based Therapies for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of Tobacco-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Is Closely Coupled with Changes in the Gut and Lung Microbiomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Effect of the Gut Microbiota on Systemic and Anti-Tumor Immunity and Response to Systemic Therapy against Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- Analysis of interactions of immune checkpoint inhibitors with antibiotics in cancer therapy.Frontiers of medicine · 2022Review
- Meditating on Cancer Management at the Time of Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Quinolones as a Potential Drug in Genitourinary Cancer Treatment-A Literature Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human microbiome mainly consists of bacteria and interacts closely with the immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are used to treat several types of cancers. Recently, it has been identified that the gut microbiome plays a role in the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This study aims to analyze the effect of microbiome and antibiotics on the effectiveness of ICI in cancer patients and the measures to improve efficacy based on that. A detailed review was conducted on articles published in PubMed and Science Direct in the last five years i.e., 2016 to 2021. A total of 16 articles involving 1293 patients with cancer who were receiving immunotherapy, were deemed eligible to be included in the final review. Data were extracted from the eligible articles and were checked for quality appraisal. All 16 articles revealed the effect of either gut microbiome or antibiotics or both on ICI. Based on our findings, we found that the microbiome enriched in different microorganisms responded differently to the ICI and that antibiotics negatively impacted the effectiveness of ICI. The time at which patients receiving ICI were prescribed antibiotics influenced the effect of ICI. Antibiotics and different microbiome also affected progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.